The methods depend upon, and were developed from, an understanding of the properties of biological macromolecules hemselves bridization---the base-pairing characteristics of dna and rna > DNA cloning--- DNA polymerase restriction endonucleases and dna ligase >PCR---Thermophilic DNA polymerase5 The methods depend upon, and were developed from, an understanding of the properties of biological macromolecules themselves. ➢ Hybridization---the base-pairing characteristics of DNA and RNA ➢ DNA cloning--- DNA polymerase, restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase ➢ PCR---Thermophilic DNA polymerase