Primaries and Candidate Polarization FIGURE 1.Comparison of Candidate Expected Utility in One-Stage and Two-Stage Elections as a Function of Out-of-Equilibrium Beliefs and Opponents'Primary Voting Behavior EUe(CR) EU(CR) I EUm(CR) M Positions Note:EU(CR)corresponds to 1S elections,EU(CR)corresponds to 2S elections against moderates,and EU(CA)corresponds to 2S elections against extremists. FIGURE 2.Comparison of Beliefs in One-Stage and Two-Stage Elections as a Function of Opponents'Primary Voting Behavior Distribution of candidates in second stage after selection by primary voters candidate closest to OL If voters select OL 0M Distribution of candidates in first stage and one-stage elections If voters select candidate closest to 9L+0M 2 OL If voters select candidate closest to OM OL 0M 831Primaries and Candidate Polarization FIGURE 1. Comparison of Candidate Expected Utility in One-Stage and Two-Stage Elections as a Function of Out-of-Equilibrium Beliefs and Opponents’ Primary Voting Behavior Note: EU(cR) corresponds to 1S elections, EUm(cR) corresponds to 2S elections against moderates, and EUe(cR) corresponds to 2S elections against extremists. FIGURE 2. Comparison of Beliefs in One-Stage and Two-Stage Elections as a Function of Opponents’ Primary Voting Behavior 831 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Shanghai JiaoTong University, on 26 Oct 2018 at 03:53:04, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000515