The Residence Time Short-circuiting- Distribution,RTD ·To simplify,.we will only consider Stagnant regions the steady-state flow, Packed bed without reaction and without density Channeling,especially Extreme short-circuiting and bypass serious in countercurrent two-phase operations change,of a single fuid through a vesse Nonidealatems which mayin roce equipment. 2 2 The Residence Time Distribution, RTD • To simplify, we will only consider the steady-state flow, without reaction and without density change, of a single fluid through a vessel