CNS Pre-ganglionic Ganglion Post-ganglionic Effectors lelueJo Parasympathetic Ach Cardiac smooth muscles,gland cells Nicotinic Muscarinic nerve terminals Sympathetic NE Cardiac smooth muscles,gland cells, Adrenergic nerve terminals Ach (c.B) Sympathetic Ach Sweat glands Nicotinic Muscarinic Sympathetic D Renal vascular smooth muscle D1) nergic Sympathetic(adrenal medulla) Ach Epi Released into blood Nicotinic leJoes Motor(somatic) Skeletal muscle Nicotinic Ach=acetylcholine D=dopamine Epi=epinephrine NE norepinephrino Pharmacological division of cholinergic vs.adrenergic neurotransmission All preganglionic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons use acetylcholine as neurotransmitter.Ach is the neurotransmitter at ganglia, nmj,and muscarinic tissue synapses. Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons use norepinephrine which is an adrenergic neurotransmitter. There are exceptions:Cholinergic transmission in sympathetic system- all ganglia,adrenal medulla,sweat glads(muscarinic).Dopaminergic innervation in sympathetic system-renal blood vessels. 44 Thoracolumbar Cranial Sacral CNS Pre-ganglionic Ganglion Post-ganglionic Parasympathetic Ach Nicotinic Ach Nicotinic Ach Nicotinic Ach Nicotinic Ach Nicotinic Epi Sympathetic Sympathetic Sympathetic Sympathetic (adrenal medulla) Motor (somatic) Ach Ach Muscarinic Muscarinic NE Adrenergic (α, β) D Dopaminergic (D1) Ach Nicotinic Cardiac & smooth muscles, gland cells, nerve terminals Cardiac & smooth muscles, gland cells, nerve terminals Sweat glands Renal vascular smooth muscle Released into blood Skeletal muscle Ach = acetylcholine D = dopamine Epi = epinephrine NE = norepinephrine Effectors • All preganglionic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons use acetylcholine as neurotransmitter. Ach is the neurotransmitter at ganglia, nmj, and muscarinic tissue synapses. • Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons use norepinephrine which is an adrenergic neurotransmitter. Pharmacological division of cholinergic vs. adrenergic neurotransmission • There are exceptions: Cholinergic transmission in sympathetic system – all ganglia, adrenal medulla, sweat glads (muscarinic). Dopaminergic innervation in sympathetic system – renal blood vessels