Hierarchy of time and space scale of computational simulation Continuum TIME (s) Based on SDSC Blue Horizon(SP3) Methods 512-1024 processors 1.728 Tflops peak performance 100 CPU time =1 week/processor Atomistic Mesoscale methods (ms)103 Simulation Methods Finite elements methods (us)10-6 Semi-empirical (ns)109 methods Monte Carlo Molecular dynamics (ps)1012 Ab initio tight-binding (fs)10-15 10-10 109 108 107 10-6 105 10-4 (nm) (um) LENGTH(m)Hierarchy of time and space scale of computational simulation 6