100 The nutrition handbook for food processo Table 4.2 Reference nutrient intakes and safe intakes for minerals Mineral male(19-50 years) female(19-50 years) Calcium(RND mg/day 70 Phosphorus(RND) mg/day 550 Potassium(RND) mg/day 3500 Chloride(RND) mg/day 635 Iron(RNi) mg/day 14.8+ 7.0 Copper(RNi)mg/day Selenium(RND) ug/day lodine(RND) ug/day Manganese(SI) mg/day above 1. 4 Molybdenum(SI) ug/day chromium(SD) ug/ above Fluoride(si) mg/kg body weight/day insufficient for women with high menstrual losses where the most practical way of meeting iron requirements is to take iron supplements dapted from Department of Health(1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. HMSO: London Health authorities in most countries have established recommendation for intake levels of essential minerals which both meet the nutritional requirements of consumers and at the same time prevent excessive intakes. In the UK, Refer- ence Nutrient Intakes(RND) for 1l minerals have been published by the Depart- ment of Health to meet the requirements for the different age groups and sexes in the Community(Department of Health, 1991). The RNI is defined as an amount of the nutrient that is enough, or more than enough, for about 97 per cent of people in a group. In addition Safe Intakes (SI) have been established for another four minerals. The si is'a term used to indicate intake or range of intakes of a nutrient for which there is not enough information to estimate rNi..it n amount that is enough for almost everyone but not so large as to cause unde sirable effects. The RNI for minerals for adult men and women are given in Table 4.4 Dietary sources, supplementation and fortification Because our food is almost entirely made up of components that were once parts of living organisms and since there is a broad similarity between the nutritional requirements and cellular biochemistry of most forms of animal and plant life, it is to be expected that our needs for the mineral nutrients will be met by a con- entional mixed diet( Coultate, 1985). It is usually only in exceptional situations, ple, there is a reliance on locally produced food in an area whereHealth authorities in most countries have established recommendation for intake levels of essential minerals which both meet the nutritional requirements of consumers and at the same time prevent excessive intakes. In the UK, Refer￾ence Nutrient Intakes (RNI) for 11 minerals have been published by the Depart￾ment of Health to meet the requirements for the different age groups and sexes in the Community (Department of Health, 1991). The RNI is defined as ‘an amount of the nutrient that is enough, or more than enough, for about 97 per cent of people in a group’. In addition Safe Intakes (SI) have been established for another four minerals. The SI is ‘a term used to indicate intake or range of intakes of a nutrient for which there is not enough information to estimate RNI . . . it is an amount that is enough for almost everyone but not so large as to cause unde￾sirable effects’. The RNI for minerals for adult men and women are given in Table 4.2. 4.4 Dietary sources, supplementation and fortification Because our food is almost entirely made up of components that were once parts of living organisms and since there is a broad similarity between the nutritional requirements and cellular biochemistry of most forms of animal and plant life, it is to be expected that our needs for the mineral nutrients will be met by a con￾ventional mixed diet (Coultate, 1985). It is usually only in exceptional situations, where, for example, there is a reliance on locally produced food in an area where 100 The nutrition handbook for food processors Table 4.2 Reference nutrient intakes and safe intakes for minerals Mineral male (19–50 years) female (19–50 years) Calcium (RNI) mg/day 700 700 Phosphorus (RNI) mg/day 550 550 Magnesium (RNI) mg/day 300 270 Sodium (RNI) mg/day 1600 1600 Potassium (RNI) mg/day 3500 3500 Chloride (RNI) mg/day 2500 2500 Iron (RNI) mg/day 8.7 14.8+ Zinc (RNI) mg/day 9.5 7.0 Copper (RNI) mg/day 1.2 1.2 Selenium (RNI) mg/day 75 60 Iodine (RNI) mg/day 140 140 Manganese (SI) mg/day above 1.4 above 1.4 Molybdenum (SI) mg/day 50–400 50–400 Chromium (SI) mg/day above 25 above 25 Fluoride (SI) mg/kg body weight/day 0.5 0.5 + insufficient for women with high menstrual losses where the most practical way of meeting iron requirements is to take iron supplements. adapted from Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. HMSO: London