4/6/2017 Introduction Introduction Alliance for Bio-Integrity v.Shalala Debate is focused on 3 issues Federal district court 1.Are GM crops and food safe for human health? -rejected all arguments 2.Are they safe for the environment? 、 found that the FDA's determination that GMO's are Generally Recognized as Safe was 3.e poduof modem neither arbitrary nor capricious gave respect to the FDA's process on all issues To date,consumption of GM crops or GM foods has not been correlated or linked to amy health gave future plaintiffs little legal recourse to problems for animal or humans challenge the FDA's policy on GM foods Benefits and costs of using genetically modified or genetically Introduction engineered foods Benefits Costs Numerous groups have filed cases alleging Enhanced quality and taste Human health impact (introduction of allergens and antibiotic "fraud-on-the-FDA"since the introduction of resistance】 GM foods in 1996 Effects on non-targeted organisms FDA bottom line statement Improved health and resistance to GM food does not depend on the methods by which the food was developed,but rather regulation rests on the characteristics of creaadamdmprovedrmtrensRrd2are2pbiaiono the crop/food and its intended use or the Drought resistance crops Animal stress from over-productior use of its components ecigiagrersontea Improved food security Potential skewed interest of rich countries4/6/2017 2 Introduction Alliance for Bio-Integrity v. Shalala • Federal district court - rejected all arguments - found that the FDA's determination that GMO's are Generally Recognized as Safe was neither arbitrary nor capricious - gave respect to the FDA's process on all issues - gave future plaintiffs little legal recourse to challenge the FDA's policy on GM foods Introduction Debate is focused on 3 issues 1. Are GM crops and food safe for human health? 2. Are they safe for the environment? 3. How do we regulate products of modern biotechnology? To date, consumption of GM crops or GM foods has not been correlated or linked to any health problems for animal or humans Introduction • Numerous groups have filed cases alleging ”fraud-on-the-FDA” since the introduction of GM foods in 1996 • FDA bottom line statement GM food does not depend on the methods by which the food was developed, but rather regulation rests on the characteristics of the crop/food and its intended use or the use of its components Benefits Costs Enhanced quality and taste Human health impact (introduction of allergens and antibiotic resistance) Increased productivity (reduced maturation time) and yield Effects on non-targeted organisms Improved health and resistance to disease and pests (use less pesticide and herbicides) Food monopolies by a few companies Increased and improved nutrients Biopiracy (foreign explotation of natural resources) Drought resistance crops Animal stress from over-production Improved feed conversion (meat producing animals) No world-wide labeling standards (mix GM with non-GM products) Improved food security Potential skewed interest of rich countries Benefits and costs of using genetically modified or genetically engineered foods