Fundamental tradeoff in Alerting Decisions Uncertain current state azard · When to a|ert? a Too early a Unnecessary Alert Operator would have avoided hazard without alert Leads to distrust of system, delayed response O Too late missed Detection Incident occurs even with the alerting system Must balance Unnecessary Alerts and Missed Detections Courtesy: Jim KucharSystem Supervisory Control Computer Interface Display Control Sensors Direct Observation Fundamental Tradeoff in Alerting Decisions y When to alert? † Too early ºUnnecessary Alert ‹ Operator would have avoided hazard without alert ‹ Leads to distrust of system, delayed response † Too late º Missed Detection ‹ Incident occurs even with the alerting system y Must balance Unnecessary Alerts and Missed Detections Hazard Uncertain Future Trajectory Uncertain current state x1 x 2 Courtesy: Jim Kuchar