should not have been attacked by insects.For timber piles of length less than 14 meters the diameter of the tip should be grea than 150 mm if the is greater than 18 meters a tip with a diameter of 125 mm is acceptable.It is essential that the timber is driven in the right direction and should not be driven into firm ground.As this can easily damage the pile.Keeping the timber below the ground water level will protect the timber against decay and putrefaction. Toprotect rengthen the tip of the pile.tim r piles be prov ided toe cover.Pressure creosoting is theusual method of protecting timber piles 1.4.9 Concrete pile Pre cast concrete Piles or Pre fabricated concrete piles:Usually of square (see fig 1-4 b),triangle,circle or octagonal section,they are produced in short one m They are pre so sily conne length(fig 1-4 a).This will not decrease the design load capacity. Reinforcement is necessary within the pile to help withstand both handling and drivina stresses.pre stressed concrete piles are also used and are becomina more popular than the ordinary pre cast as less reinforcementis required. Links a) Figure 1-a)concrete pile connecting detail.b)squared pre-cast concert pile The Hercules type of pile joint(Figure 1-5)is easily and accurately cast into the pile and is quickly and safely joined on site.They are made to accurate dimensional tolerances from high grade steels.should not have been attacked by insects. For timber piles of length less than 14 meters, the diameter of the tip should be greater than 150 mm. If the length is greater than 18 meters a tip with a diameter of 125 mm is acceptable. It is essential that the timber is driven in the right direction and should not be driven into firm ground. As this can easily damage the pile. Keeping the timber below the ground water level will protect the timber against decay and putrefaction. To protect and strengthen the tip of the pile, timber piles can be provided with toe cover. Pressure creosoting is the usual method of protecting timber piles. 1.4.9 Concrete pile Pre cast concrete Piles or Pre fabricated concrete piles : Usually of square (see fig 1-4 b), triangle, circle or octagonal section, they are produced in short length in one metre intervals between 3 and 13 meters. They are pre-caste so that they can be easily connected together in order to reach to the required length (fig 1-4 a) . This will not decrease the design load capacity. Reinforcement is necessary within the pile to help withstand both handling and driving stresses. Pre stressed concrete piles are also used and are becoming more popular than the ordinary pre cast as less reinforcement is required . Figure 1-4 a) concrete pile connecting detail. b) squared pre-cast concert pile The Hercules type of pile joint (Figure 1-5) is easily and accurately cast into the pile and is quickly and safely joined on site. They are made to accurate dimensional tolerances from high grade steels