3. Substrates are bound to enzymes by multiple weak attractions What are the types of the multiple weak interactions? reversible interac. tions of biomolecules are mediated by electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. Van der Waals forces become significant in binding only when numerous substrate atoms can simultaneously come close to many enzyme atoms. Hence, the enzyme and substrate should have complementary shapes. The direc tional character of hydrogen bonds between enzyme and substrate often enforces a high degree of specificity. Note:“ electrostatic bonds” should be called as“ electrostatic interactions”What are the types of the multiple weak interactions? Note: “electrostatic bonds” should be called as “electrostatic interactions” 1 2 3 4