46 LEMAY AND MELVILLE -Low Perceptions of Partner's Responsive Behavior(-1 SD) self-disclo nsive was no High Perceptions of Partner's Responsive Behavior (+1 SD) 8 hich If-disclo was.af st in part.a pe eptual bias 6 tions of high 5 partner's w nsive beh ior is not di 4 ostic of the par -dis 4 8 9 rce ivers'Valuing of Partn ption of self. of dia o ticity on their dail e'cal i daily o b argets(i ccur perceptions) 》P when partners are unresponsive but claim self-disclosure on days 451110m63 16.g3n之001 Percei who sav when partners are responsive. tions of partne If-disclosure on a particular day perc disclosure for who h ts (1 SD abo of pant mean. self-perception Summary. Perceivers who strongly valued relationships with resp ex ive relation hip sentiments.However.these perceivers had per word s,do pe vers who valu ow dis who did not ships with partners.Thi th ure than iow- 38.409.83 eptions of low self-disc sentiments,suggesting that these perceptions of low self-disclosure aved in a r ive r When and o ers'repo s of the f-disclosure as did not chr 19.1=66 This i that i their self-discl 255 ,05.This 137 elf-discl ent is an of se f dis for the dicted bia for th ions of per self-discl s the o place eptic abOrcetve argets'respor ay int 20).Hence.the tendency for highly valuing perceivers to denywhen partners are unresponsive but claim self-disclosure on days when partners are responsive. Daily perceptions of partners’ re￾sponsiveness more strongly predicted daily perceptions of self￾disclosure for perceivers who highly valued targets (1 SD above the mean, b
.62, t(989.83)
12.79, p  .001, than for low-valuing perceivers (1 SD below the mean, b
.38, t(1021.39)
6.76, p  .001. That is, perceivers who valued targets were more likely to consider targets’ responsiveness when judging their own self￾disclosure. Next, we examined the effects of perceivers’ chronic valuing at low and high levels of daily perceived partner responsiveness. In other words, do perceivers who value targets always see more self-disclosure relative to perceivers who do not value targets, or does this depend on whether partners behaved in a responsive or unresponsive manner that day? Perceivers’ who chronically valued targets perceived more self-disclosure than low-valuing perceivers on days when they perceived that targets were relatively respon￾sive (1 SD above the mean, b
.38, t(409.83)
3.88, p  .001, but not on days when they thought targets were unresponsive (1 SD below the mean; p  .55). These results suggest that the above effect in which partner valuing was associated with more self￾disclosure only pertained to situations in which the partner be￾haved in a responsive manner. When partners were unresponsive, perceivers who valued partners saw just as little self-disclosure as perceivers who did not chronically value partners. This interaction pattern was found while controlling for target partners’ judgments of perceivers’ self-disclosure, which also pre￾dicted perceivers’ judgments of their self-disclosure (b
.07), t(1078.61)
2.55, p  .05. This unsurprising effect indicates that, in addition to the bias demonstrated above, there was a small degree of agreement between perceivers and targets regarding perceivers’ self-disclosure. Such agreement is an indicator of ac￾curacy. Most important for the present research, we found evi￾dence for the predicted bias while controlling for this agreement between perceivers and targets, suggesting that accuracy cannot explain these results. In addition, we tested another model using partners’ perceptions of perceivers’ self-disclosure as the outcome variable in place of perceivers’ self-perceived disclosure. The interaction reported above was not significant in this model (p  .20). Hence, the tendency for highly valuing perceivers to deny self-disclosure on days when partners were unresponsive was not corroborated by their partner’s perceptions of perceivers’ self￾disclosure, which also suggests that motivated perceivers’ denial of self-disclosure was, at least in part, a perceptual bias. Predicting perceived diagnosticity. We expect that moti￾vated perceivers deviate from their typical perceptions of high self-disclosure when partners are unresponsive because the per￾ception of low self-disclosure helps perceivers make the claim that the partner’s unresponsive behavior is not diagnostic of the part￾ner’s feelings or motivations. To test whether low self-disclosure is indeed associated with low perceived diagnosticity, we re￾gressed perceivers’ daily perceptions of diagnosticity on their daily perceptions of self-disclosure. We controlled for target partners’ daily perceptions of perceivers’ self-disclosure and target partners’ daily perceptions of the diagnosticity of their own behavior to be sure that results could not be explained by perceptions of disclo￾sure or diagnosticity that were shared by both perceivers and targets (i.e., accurate perceptions). Perceivers’ daily perceptions of self-disclosure strongly predicted their diagnosticity perceptions (b
.45), t(1102.65)
16.93, p  .001. Perceivers who saw themselves as low in self-disclosure on a particular day perceived partners’ behavior as less diagnostic of partners’ underlying sen￾timents on that day, and this effect was independent of partners’ perceptions of perceivers’ disclosure and partners’ self-perceptions of diagnosticity.8 Summary. Perceivers who strongly valued relationships with targets reported more disclosure across the daily reports, consistent with other findings suggesting that disclosure covaries with posi￾tive relationship sentiments. However, these perceivers had per￾ceptions of disclosure that were contingent on partners’ daily responsive behavior. They saw high self-disclosure on days when partners behaved in a responsive manner, but they saw low dis￾closure on days when partners were unresponsive, just as low as perceivers who did not value relationships with partners. This pattern was not corroborated by partners’ reports of perceivers’ self-disclosure, consistent with the hypothesis that perceivers’ perceptions of low self-disclosure are, in part, illusory. Seeing lack of disclosure when partners were unresponsive was related to viewing the unresponsive behavior as less diagnostic of partners’ sentiments, suggesting that these perceptions of low self-disclosure 8 Partners’ reports of perceivers’ disclosure and partners’ reports of the diagnosticity of their behavior also predicted perceivers’ diagnosticity perceptions (b
.07, t
2.36, p  .05 and b
.19, t
6.63, p  .001). These effects suggest that, in addition to bias, diagnosticity perceptions were partly accurate. Again, we used variables that were centered on sample means for this analysis. However, the same key effect of perceived self-disclosure on perceived diagnosticity emerged when we instead used daily variables that were centered on person means (b
.40, t
13.78, p  .001). Our conceptual model indicates that perceivers’ valuing of partners moderates effects of daily perceptions of partners’ responsiveness on their perceptions of self-disclosure. In turn, perceptions of disclosure are closely tied to perceiving partner behaviors as diagnostic, and this link is not moderated. This is why we included different predictors in models of perceived disclosure and perceived diagnosticity. Indeed, in subsequent analyses we found that the link between daily perceived disclosure and daily perceived diagnosticity was not moderated by perceivers’ chronic valuing of targets (p  .38), by daily perceptions of targets’ responsive￾ness, (p  .74), or by the combination of perceivers’ chronic valuing and daily perceptions of targets’ responsiveness (i.e., a three-way interaction; p  .20). Figure 4. Daily perceptions of self-disclosure as a function of daily perceptions of partner’s responsive behavior and chronic valuing of the partner (Study 3). This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. 46 LEMAY AND MELVILLE