l.u+v∈V for all u,v∈V. 2.cuw∈V for all e∈F and v∈V. 3.u+v=v+u for all u,vEV. 4.(u+v)+w=u+(v+w)for all u,v,w E V. 5.There is an element 0 V such that v+0=v for all vV. 6.For each vV there is an element-v V so that v+(-v)=0. 7.c(u+v)=cu+cu for all c∈F and u,v∈V. 8.(a+b)v=aw+bu for all a,b∈F and v∈V. 9.(ab)v=a(bw)for all a,b∈andv∈V. 10.1v=v for all v∈V. U u+U c,c>1 1 Vector addition and scalar multiplication 33