Graceful Failure of Laminated Ceramic Tubes produced by Electrophoretic Deposition 1919 with a finite Weibull modulus, a random strength value is taken from the Weibull distribution for h layer. As the graphite interlayer from one layer to another each layer will indeed only fail when its strength is r2 In order to predict what the next failure event will be, the program calculates for all layers what the total displacement of the loading plate should be in order to reach a maximum stress within that Fig.7. Conventions for the calculation of the stresses and layer equal to the strength of that layer. The layer displacements in O-and showing the lowest displacement required to reaching a stress equal to its strength, is taken as the next layer which fails. Note that the first layer n=BE(4(1-mr+B(-3 to fail is not necessarily the layer with the lowest (9a) strength, since also the position of the layer and the +0=0)-m0+o tress distributie ring has Initially, when the ring is intact, the graphite interlayers are assumed to be capable of perfect load-transfer so that the stress can be evaluated A(1-D)=A(I-v)Inr if it were a monolithic ring. The maximum stress each layer of the intact ring as a function of the +Br2(5+u)+5(1+v))+-sin6 displacement can be evaluated by using eqns(2) and(4), where y is varied as a function of the position of each layer within the ring Normally it is expected that the inner ring will fail first, as the stress is at maximum in this laye (7+冂) Upon failure of the inner layer, the deflection of RI stela removing the inner layer from the ring, and re B (ly cing this layer by two thin C-rings clamped within the now thinner O-ring. Further, it is assumed, that 2(r2+n2) once a crack has been deflected in a graphite inter- layer, the graphite interlayer is no longer capable of load transfer. Hence the force required to Ar2 deform the now thinner O-ring together with the 2(7+n2 (12) newly created C-rings can be found by super position of the force required to deform each of these components independently. During further as a result the relation between displacement and calculations the program will now evaluate for force is(displacement in the r-direction for 0=I) each layer in the O-ring and for each of these newly created C-rings, what the required displacement is r2) order to reach the strength of that layer in the E (13) O-ring or the strength of each of the c If instead of the inner layer, a layer in the centre of the ring fails, e.g. because it has a very low Using the above relations, simulations of load-dis- strength, this layer is removed from the ring placement diagrams for laminated rings in diame- However, as no load transfer is assumed to occu tral compression can be made. A computer by graphite interlayers in which a crack has program was written which assembles the ring as a Deen defected. this results in the creation of number of layers. In order to define the geometry two O-rings: one consisting of all layers from the of the ring, the inner diameter is stored in a data- outer layer until the layer next to the failing layer, base together with the strength and the thickness of and one consisting of all layers starting with the each layer. If an equal strength value is given to all layer one further than the failing layer until the layers, this simulates a material with an infinite most inner layer. Further the failed layer is Weibull modulus. In order to simulate a material replaced by two C-rings in between these O-rings