Torsion Bar Springs Shear stress T 16T T三 πd3 ·Angular deflection TL 32TL 0= 二 JG πd4G ·Spring rate JG πd4G k= L 32L ·T=F*D/2=torque ·r=wire radius ·J=πd4/32=polar moment of inertia A=wire cross-sectional areaTorsion Bar Springs • Shear stress 3 Tr T 16 J d τ π = = • Angular deflection 4 TL TL 32 JG dG θ π = = • Spring rate 4 32 JG dG k L L π = = • T = F ∗D/2 = torque • r = wire radius • J = π d 4/32 = polar moment of inertia • A = wire cross-sectional area