Experiment 3 )C-N Yan CE LI MH.PLOS ONE (ur Experiment4 Yamc年.godt山H.in prepartion 7 7 N Sugars Starch NSC δ13C C-N ratio SLA Needle age Current-yr 1.22±0.05a 9.26±0.35b 2.21±0.12b 11.46±0.33b -28.99±0.28 9.54±0.46b 81.39±1.17a 1-yr-old 1 00±0 27b 10 68±0 59a 2 60±0 10a 13 29±0 60a -29 18±0 23 13 32±0 60a 60 42±9 53b Mean values (±SE, n=9 trees) of NSC, soluble sugars, starch, and nitrogen contents (% d.m.), C-N ratio (NSC to N), δ13C(‰), and SLA (cm2/g) in needles within Pinus koraiensis crown. 1-yr-old 1.00±0.27b 10.68±0.59a 2.60±0.10a 13.29±0.60a -29.18±0.23 13.32±0.60a 60.42±9.53b Azimuthal direction South 1.15±0.06 10.03±2.11 2.52±0.09 12.56±0.62 -28.83±0.19 11.23±0.83 70.06±5.69 North 1.07±0.04 9.91±0.43 2.28±0.14 12.19±0.48 -29.34±0.29 11.62±0.73 71.75±5.27 Vertical crown position Top 1.03±0.05 9.31±0.67 2.67±0.12a 11.99±0.62 -28.63±0.20a 11.82±0.90 67.24±8.37 Middle 1.11±0.04 10.63±0.59 2.39±0.12ab 13.01±0.66 -28.79±0.15b 12.00±1.00 69.71±7.89 Bottom 1.19±0.07 9.97±0.63 2.15±0.17b 12.13±0.73 -29.84±0.35b 10.46±0.93 75.77±2.46 Yan CF, Li MH. PLoS ONE (submitted) Nitrogen Soluble Sugar Starch NSC Δ 13C C/N SLA Nitrogen 1 -0.262 -0.333 -0.326 0.170 -0.765** 0.741** Correlation coefficients between NSC, soluble sugars, starch, and nitrogen contents, C-N ratio, δ13C, and SLA in needles within Pinus koraiensis crown. *P<0.05, ** P<0.01. Yan CF, Li MH. PLoS ONE (submitted) g Soluble Sugar 1 0.093 0.973** -0.170 0.771** -0.381 Starch 1 0.318 0.533** 0.424* -0.625* NSC 1 -0.039 0.832** -0.488 Δ13C 1 -0.084 -0.223 C/N 1 -0.763** SLA 1 Understanding past needle/leaf physiology using tree-rings Abies holophylla Picea koraiensis Yan CF, Sigwolf R, Li MH. (in preparation)