Cel G E150 a370v/370A 370V370A 370A Figure 7. 370A Is Associated with Increased Eccrine Sweat Gland Density in Humans of a 370v/370A heterozygous (A) and a 370A homozygous( B) individual ed size is 1. 30cm Average sweat gland density is shown for each genotype(+SEM) Significance of difference by two tailed t test: p<0.05 0). See also Table S6. increased number of eccrine glands. a high density of eccrine glands is a key hominin adaptation that enables efficient evapo- traspiration during vigorous activities such as long-distance walking and running(Carrier et al., 1984; Bramble and Lieber- 370v379K man, 2004). An increased density of eccrine glands in 370A 370A/379K carriers might have been advantageous for East Asian hunter- gatherers during warm and humid seasons, which hinder evapotranspiration. Geological records indicate that China was relatively warm and humid between 40,000 and 32, 000 years ago, but between 32,000 and 15,000 years ago the climate became cooler FP.5 nd drier before warming again at the onset of the Holocene ng 1; Yuan et al., 2004). Throughout this time period, however, China may have remained relatively humid Figure 6. 370A Increases the Number of Eccrine Sweat Glands in Mice lue to varying contribution from summer and winter monsoons -C) Representative whole-mount preparations of the volar hindfoot skin of 70V (A, 370V/370A (B), and 370A(C)mice. Gland ducts appear as thin blue iew of FP-3 from 370V(D), 370V/370A(E, and 370A(F) ("). Quantification of average gland number per FP (SEM)across the three All experiments were carried out on fifth on FvB backcross animals but those shown in (H) were a FVB by C3HeB/FeJ outcross. The difference in 370A rescues the decrease in eccrine gland number in 379K heterozy- genetic background accounts for the difference in eccrine gland number gous mutant mice. Average gland number per FP is shown (+SEM). Signifi- between wild-type animals in(G and H). See also Table s5. 698 Cell 152, 691-702, February 14, 2013@2013 Elsevier Incincreased number of eccrine glands. A high density of eccrine glands is a key hominin adaptation that enables efficient evapo￾traspiration during vigorous activities such as long-distance walking and running (Carrier et al., 1984; Bramble and Lieber￾man, 2004). An increased density of eccrine glands in 370A carriers might have been advantageous for East Asian hunter￾gatherers during warm and humid seasons, which hinder evapotranspiration. Geological records indicate that China was relatively warm and humid between 40,000 and 32,000 years ago, but between 32,000 and 15,000 years ago the climate became cooler and drier before warming again at the onset of the Holocene (Wang et al., 2001; Yuan et al., 2004). Throughout this time period, however, China may have remained relatively humid due to varying contribution from summer and winter monsoons Figure 6. 370AIncreases the Number of Eccrine Sweat Glands inMice (A–C) Representative whole-mount preparations of the volar hindfoot skin of 370V (A), 370V/370A (B), and 370A (C) mice. Gland ducts appear as thin blue tubes emerging from inside the footpads (FP). (D–F) Detail view of FP-3 from 370V (D), 370V/370A (E), and 370A (F) mice. (G) Quantification of average gland number per FP (±SEM) across the three genotypes. (H) 370A rescues the decrease in eccrine gland number in 379K heterozy￾gous mutant mice. Average gland number per FP is shown (±SEM). Signifi- cance of differences by ANOVA post hoc tests: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***). All experiments were carried out on fifth generation FVB backcross animals, but those shown in (H) were a FVB by C3HeB/FeJ outcross. The difference in genetic background accounts for the difference in eccrine gland number between wild-type animals in (G and H). See also Table S5. Figure 7. 370A Is Associated with Increased Eccrine Sweat Gland Density in Humans (A and B) Representative cropped active sweat gland images of the digit tips of a 370V/370A heterozygous (A) and a 370A homozygous (B) individual. Cropped size is
1.30cm2 . (C) Active sweat gland density is significantly increased in 370A individuals. Average sweat gland density is shown for each genotype (±SEM). Significance of difference by two tailed t test: p < 0.05 (*). See also Table S6. 698 Cell 152, 691–702, February 14, 2013 ª2013 Elsevier Inc