D0L:10.13374h.issn1001-053x.2011.04.019 第33卷第4期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.33 No.4 2011年4月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Apr.2011 有害元素对高炉炉缸侧壁碳砖的侵蚀 祁成林)四张建良) 林重春” 尹 坚)常健) 卢伟佳) 1)北京科技大学治金与生态工程学院，北京1000832)湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司，湘潭411100 3)南昌长力钢铁股份有限公司，南昌330001 ☒通信作者，E-mail:qichenglin._ustb@yahoo.cn 摘要对湘钢2号高炉炉缸七个有代表部位的样品进行扫描电镜、能量色散谱、X射线衍射和原子吸收光谱分析，研究有害 元素对高炉炉缸侧壁碳砖的侵蚀以及粉化断裂机理.结果表明，高炉炉缸不同部位的碳砖侵蚀机理不同.第一层以有害元素 在碳素熔损反应中的催化作用及生成白榴石为主：上部碳砖侵蚀以K渗透到砖缝中，改变砖质为主：风口以Z侵蚀为主：铁 口K含量较多，另有P%富集.同种有害元素在不同部位侵蚀碳砖的机理有所不同.K元素在最上部以催化作用为主，在下部 以渗透到碳砖内部使碳砖改性为主：Z在风口碳砖有明显的结晶，在炉缸炉底上部含有大量的Z并没有结晶，而是附着在砖 表面上部. 关键词高炉；炉缸；碱金属：侵蚀 分类号TF573.1 Erosion of carbon bricks at the hearth sidewall by harmful elements in a blast furnace QI Cheng-in,ZHANG Jian-liang,LIN Chong-chun,YIN Jian,CHANG Jian,LU Wei-jia) 1)School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083.China 2)Hunan Valin Xiangtan Iron and Steel Co.Ltd..Xiangtan 411100,China 3)Nanchang Changli Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.,Nanchang 330001.China Corresponding author,E-mail:qichenglin_ustb@yahoo.cn ABSTRACT Seven samples of a blast furnace at representative positions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),en- ergy dispersive spectrometry (EDS).X-ray diffraction (XRD)and atomic absorption spectrometry to study the erosion of carbon bricks at the BF hearth sidewall by harmful elements and the mechanism of pulverizing fracture.The results show that the erosion mechanism of carbon bricks at different parts of the hearth is different.In the first layer the erosion is mainly caused by the catalytic effects of harmful elements in the carbon loss reaction and the generation of leucite:in the upper area,penetration of K into brick work joints leading to a quality change of carbon bricks plays the leading role;in the tuyere,Zn is the main cause of erosion;but in the taphole the content of K is larger,with enrichment of Pb.It is also found that a harmful element has different effects at different parts of the hearth.In the upper area,the erosion mechanism is mainly the catalytic effect of K in the erosion reaction,but in lower part is the pen- etration of K into carbon bricks leading to a quality change of carbon bricks:Zn significantly crystallizes on carbon bricks in the tuyere, however in the hearth bottom Zn attaches to carbon bricks without obvious crystallization. KEY WORDS blast furnaces:hearths;alkali metals;erosion 高炉炉缸侵蚀是影响高炉寿命的主要因素.炉本文利用湘钢2号7503高炉大修，对高炉炉缸侧 缸侧壁碳砖环裂是炉缸侵蚀的最主要原因之壁取样，通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)、 一].新投产大型高炉炉缸侧壁烧穿事故屡有发 X射线衍射(XRD)、原子吸收光谱等手段，分析有 生，随着高炉冶炼不断强化和高炉用料有害元素的 害元素对高炉炉缸侧壁碳砖环裂所造成的影响，探 逐渐增加，对于高炉炉缸侧壁侵蚀有了再认识3. 讨有害元素K、Na、Zn和Pb对炉缸侧壁不同部位碳 收稿日期：201005-17第 33 卷 第 4 期 2011 年 4 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 33 No． 4 Apr． 2011 有害元素对高炉炉缸侧壁碳砖的侵蚀 祁成林1)  张建良1) 林重春1) 尹 坚2) 常 健3) 卢伟佳1) 1) 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083 2) 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司，湘潭 411100 3) 南昌长力钢铁股份有限公司，南昌 330001  通信作者，E-mail: qichenglin_ustb@ yahoo． cn 摘 要 对湘钢 2 号高炉炉缸七个有代表部位的样品进行扫描电镜、能量色散谱、X 射线衍射和原子吸收光谱分析，研究有害 元素对高炉炉缸侧壁碳砖的侵蚀以及粉化断裂机理． 结果表明，高炉炉缸不同部位的碳砖侵蚀机理不同． 第一层以有害元素 在碳素熔损反应中的催化作用及生成白榴石为主; 上部碳砖侵蚀以 K 渗透到砖缝中，改变砖质为主; 风口以 Zn 侵蚀为主; 铁 口 K 含量较多，另有 Pb 富集． 同种有害元素在不同部位侵蚀碳砖的机理有所不同． K 元素在最上部以催化作用为主，在下部 以渗透到碳砖内部使碳砖改性为主; Zn 在风口碳砖有明显的结晶，在炉缸炉底上部含有大量的 Zn 并没有结晶，而是附着在砖 表面上部． 关键词 高炉; 炉缸; 碱金属; 侵蚀 分类号 TF573. 1 Erosion of carbon bricks at the hearth sidewall by harmful elements in a blast furnace QI Cheng-lin1)  ，ZHANG Jian-liang1) ，LIN Chong-chun1) ，YIN Jian2) ，CHANG Jian3) ，LU Wei-jia1) 1) School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China 2) Hunan Valin Xiangtan Iron and Steel Co． Ltd． ，Xiangtan 411100，China 3) Nanchang Changli Iron and Steel Co． Ltd． ，Nanchang 330001，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: qichenglin_ustb@ yahoo． cn ABSTRACT Seven samples of a blast furnace at representative positions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) ，en￾ergy dispersive spectrometry ( EDS) ，X-ray diffraction ( XRD) and atomic absorption spectrometry to study the erosion of carbon bricks at the BF hearth sidewall by harmful elements and the mechanism of pulverizing fracture． The results show that the erosion mechanism of carbon bricks at different parts of the hearth is different． In the first layer the erosion is mainly caused by the catalytic effects of harmful elements in the carbon loss reaction and the generation of leucite; in the upper area，penetration of K into brick work joints leading to a quality change of carbon bricks plays the leading role; in the tuyere，Zn is the main cause of erosion; but in the taphole the content of K is larger，with enrichment of Pb． It is also found that a harmful element has different effects at different parts of the hearth． In the upper area，the erosion mechanism is mainly the catalytic effect of K in the erosion reaction，but in lower part is the pen￾etration of K into carbon bricks leading to a quality change of carbon bricks; Zn significantly crystallizes on carbon bricks in the tuyere， however in the hearth bottom Zn attaches to carbon bricks without obvious crystallization． KEY WORDS blast furnaces; hearths; alkali metals; erosion 收稿日期: 2010--05--17 高炉炉缸侵蚀是影响高炉寿命的主要因素． 炉 缸 侧 壁 碳 砖 环 裂 是 炉 缸 侵 蚀 的 最 主 要 原 因 之 一［1--2］． 新投产大型高炉炉缸侧壁烧穿事故屡有发 生，随着高炉冶炼不断强化和高炉用料有害元素的 逐渐增加，对于高炉炉缸侧壁侵蚀有了再认识［3--6］． 本文利用湘钢 2 号 750 m3 高炉大修，对高炉炉缸侧 壁取样，通过扫描电镜( SEM) 、能量色散谱( EDS) 、 X 射线衍射( XRD) 、原子吸收光谱等手段，分析有 害元素对高炉炉缸侧壁碳砖环裂所造成的影响，探 讨有害元素 K、Na、Zn 和 Pb 对炉缸侧壁不同部位碳 DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2011.04.019