上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1896 1920 1987 2006 Renal perfusion Activation of renin-angiotensin- adosterone system ↓Cardiac ↓Firing of arterial Activation of output baroreceptors Vasoconstriction sympathetic (Carotid sinus, Salt and water retention nervous system Aortic arch) Endothelial ↑Endothelin Short-term dysfunction ↓Nitric oxide Maintenance of bood pressure Longer-term Worsening of tissue perfusion Worsening of fluid retention Progressive cardiomyocyte death and fibrosis Death