Semantic markers Denoting nouns:-ness,-ism,-ace,-ment,-ship, -ancy,-cy,-er,-or,-ty Denoting adjectives:-ful,-able,-eous,-ical, ish,-less,-ish Denoting verbs:-fy,-lize,-en Communication markers:but,although, personally speaking,allegedly,admittedly,I mean/可是，虽然，尽管，我看，我认为，很 遗憾 Denoting nouns: -ness, -ism, -ace, -ment, -ship, -ancy, -cy, -er, -or, -ty  Denoting adjectives: -ful, -able, -eous, -ical, - ish, -less, -ish  Denoting verbs: -fy, -lize, -en  Communication markers: but, although, personally speaking, allegedly, admittedly, I mean/可是， 虽然，尽管，我看，我认为，很 遗憾 Semantic markers