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·484 工程科学学报,第40卷,第4期 更加严重.采用美国FEI公司制造的X射线能谱仪 学,2009,11(9):20) 对图10(b)区域K点进行元素分析,如图11所示, Li Y B,Li Y T,Lou M,et al.Lghtweighting of car body and its 可知所检测区域磨屑中含有钛、铝、锌、锡等元素,锌 challenges to joining technologies.J Mech Eng,2012,48(18): 44 和锡元素来源于铆钉镀层,铝和钛元素则来源于上 (李永兵,李亚庭,楼铭,等.轿车车身轻量化及其对连接技 下板,分析表明所观测的微动斑和磨屑为微动磨损 术的挑战.机械工程学报,2012,48(18):44) 的产物.由此可知,对于中长寿命区的AT接头,微 B] Li Z.Applications of titanium and titanium alloys in automotive 动磨损主要发生在两板之间和铆钉脚与下板内锁区 field.Chin J Nonferrous Met,2010,20(Special 1):s1034 域,微动导致疲劳裂纹在铆钉腿部及接头应力集中 (李中.钛及钛合金在汽车上的应用.中国有色金属学报 2010,20(专辑1):s1034) 点萌生,随着裂纹不断扩展最终导致接头断裂失效 [4]Li J F,Zheng Z Q,Chen Y L,et al.Al-i alloys and their appli- 3.4r cation in aerospace industry.Aerosp Mater Technol,2012,42(1): 13. 27 AlKa SnLa (李劲风,郑子樵,陈永来,等.铝锂合金及其在航天工业上 的应用.字航材料工艺,2012,42(1):13) 20 [5]He X C,Pearson I,Young K.Self-pierce riveting for sheet mate- 1.3 rials:state of the art.J Mater Process Technol,2008,199(13): 27 6]Huang L,Shi Y D,Guo H D,et al.Fatigue behavior and life prediction of self-piercing riveted joint.Int Fatigue,2016,88: TiKb ZnKb 96 2 4 6 810121416 能量keV ]He X C,Zhao L,Deng C J,et al.Self-piercing riveting of similar and dissimilar metal sheets of aluminum alloy and copper alloy. 图11AT失效试样K点能谱 Mater Des,2015,65:923 Fig.11 Spectrum of Point K on the lower sheet of AT joints [8]Lu Y,He X C,Wang Y F,et al.Effect of local heat treatment on the mechanical properties of steel-titanium self-piecing riveted 3 结论 joints.Meter Rev,2015,29(5):120 (卢毅,何晓聪,王医锋,等.局部热处理对钢一钛自冲铆接头 (1)TA1纯钛板和AL1420铝锂合金板通过自 力学性能的影响.材料导报,2015,29(5):120) 冲铆接技术能够实现其有效连接,其中TA接头的 ] Chung C S,Kim H K.Fatigue strength of self-piercing riveted 静力学性能更优,TA接头的静失效载荷均值为 joints in lap-shear specimens of aluminium and steel sheets.Fa- 5.677kN,大于AT接头(4.818kN),其能量吸收值 tigue Fract Eng Mater Struct,2016,39 (9):1105 [1o] Zhao L,He X C,Xing B Y,et al.Influence of sheet thickness 为13.7J,大于AT接头(12.3J). on fatigue behavior and fretting of self-piereing riveted joints in a- (2)上下板组合方式对接头疲劳性能影响较 luminum alloy 5052.Mater Des,2015,87:1010 大,根据S一V曲线可知AT接头在短寿命区和中长 [11]Gay A,Lefebvre F,Bergamo S,et al.Fatigue performance of a 寿命区的疲劳寿命均大于TA接头,在中寿命区这 self-piercing rivet joint between aluminum and glass fiber rein- 一特征尤为明显;总体上,AT接头疲劳性能优于TA forced thermoplastic composite.Int J Fatigue,2016,83:127 [12]Deng C J,He X C,Zhou S,et al.Study on fatigue behavior of 接头,接头的疲劳性能与静力学性能不具有一致性. singleap self-piercing riveted joints of aluminum and copper al- (3)TA接头疲劳失效形式为下板断裂,疲劳裂 loy dissimilar sheet materials.Hot Work Technol,2013,42(17):20 纹萌生于靠近铆钉脚处的板材区域,随后沿着板宽 (邓成江,何晓聪,周森,等.铝一铜合金异质材料单搭自冲 方向扩展,最终导致下板完全断裂.AT接头在短寿 铆接头疲劳特性研究.热加工工艺,2013,42(17):20) 命区因铆钉断裂失效,铆钉的断口属于脆性疲劳断 3] Gao Z T,Fu H M,Liang M X.A method for fitting S-V curve. 裂;在中长寿命区出现铆钉断裂和下板断裂的混合 JBeijing Inst Aeron Astron,1987(1):115 失效形式,疲劳裂纹从下板一端萌生,沿着板宽向另 (高镇同,傅惠民,梁美训.S-V曲线拟合法.北京航空学院 学报,1987(1):115) 端方向扩展,最终导致下板断裂失效. [14]Zhong Q P,Zhao Z H.Fractography.Beijing:Higher Education Pres5,2006 参考文献 (钟群鹏,赵子华.断口学.北京:高等教育出版社,2006) [1]Ma M T,Yi H L,Lu HZ,et al.On the lightweighting of automo- 15]Chen Y K,Han L,Chrysanthou A,et al.Fretting wear in self- bile.Eng Sci,2009,11(9):20 piercing riveted aluminium alloy sheet.Wear,2003,255(7- (马鸣图,易红亮,路洪洲,等.论汽车轻量化.中国工程科 12):1463工程科学学报,第 40 卷,第 4 期 更加严重. 采用美国 FEI 公司制造的 X 射线能谱仪 对图 10( b) 区域 K 点进行元素分析,如图 11 所示, 可知所检测区域磨屑中含有钛、铝、锌、锡等元素,锌 和锡元素来源于铆钉镀层,铝和钛元素则来源于上 下板,分析表明所观测的微动斑和磨屑为微动磨损 的产物. 由此可知,对于中长寿命区的 AT 接头,微 动磨损主要发生在两板之间和铆钉脚与下板内锁区 域,微动导致疲劳裂纹在铆钉腿部及接头应力集中 点萌生,随着裂纹不断扩展最终导致接头断裂失效. 图 11 AT 失效试样 K 点能谱 Fig. 11 Spectrum of Point K on the lower sheet of AT joints 3 结论 ( 1) TA1 纯钛板和 AL1420 铝锂合金板通过自 冲铆接技术能够实现其有效连接,其中 TA 接头的 静力 学 性 能 更 优,TA 接头的静失效载荷均值为 5. 677 kN,大于 AT 接头( 4. 818 kN) ,其能量吸收值 为 13. 7 J,大于 AT 接头( 12. 3 J) . ( 2) 上下板组合方式对接头疲劳性能影响较 大,根据 S--N 曲线可知 AT 接头在短寿命区和中长 寿命区的疲劳寿命均大于 TA 接头,在中寿命区这 一特征尤为明显; 总体上,AT 接头疲劳性能优于 TA 接头,接头的疲劳性能与静力学性能不具有一致性. ( 3) TA 接头疲劳失效形式为下板断裂,疲劳裂 纹萌生于靠近铆钉脚处的板材区域,随后沿着板宽 方向扩展,最终导致下板完全断裂. AT 接头在短寿 命区因铆钉断裂失效,铆钉的断口属于脆性疲劳断 裂; 在中长寿命区出现铆钉断裂和下板断裂的混合 失效形式,疲劳裂纹从下板一端萌生,沿着板宽向另 一端方向扩展,最终导致下板断裂失效. 参 考 文 献 [1] Ma M T,Yi H L,Lu H Z,et al. On the lightweighting of automo￾bile. Eng Sci,2009,11( 9) : 20 ( 马鸣图,易红亮,路洪洲,等. 论汽车轻量化. 中国工程科 学,2009,11( 9) : 20) [2] Li Y B,Li Y T,Lou M,et al. Lghtweighting of car body and its challenges to joining technologies. J Mech Eng,2012,48( 18) : 44 ( 李永兵,李亚庭,楼铭,等. 轿车车身轻量化及其对连接技 术的挑战. 机械工程学报,2012,48( 18) : 44) [3] Li Z. Applications of titanium and titanium alloys in automotive field. Chin J Nonferrous Met,2010,20( Special 1) : s1034 ( 李中. 钛及钛合金在汽车上的应用. 中国有色金属学报, 2010,20( 专辑 1) : s1034) [4] Li J F,Zheng Z Q,Chen Y L,et al. Al--Li alloys and their appli￾cation in aerospace industry. Aerosp Mater Technol,2012,42( 1) : 13. ( 李劲风,郑子樵,陈永来,等. 铝锂合金及其在航天工业上 的应用. 宇航材料工艺,2012,42( 1) : 13) [5] He X C,Pearson I,Young K. Self-pierce riveting for sheet mate￾rials: state of the art. J Mater Process Technol,2008,199( 1-3) : 27 [6] Huang L,Shi Y D,Guo H D,et al. Fatigue behavior and life prediction of self-piercing riveted joint. Int J Fatigue,2016,88: 96 [7] He X C,Zhao L,Deng C J,et al. Self-piercing riveting of similar and dissimilar metal sheets of aluminum alloy and copper alloy. Mater Des,2015,65: 923 [8] Lu Y,He X C,Wang Y F,et al. Effect of local heat treatment on the mechanical properties of steel-titanium self-piecing riveted joints. Meter Rev,2015,29( 5) : 120 ( 卢毅,何晓聪,王医锋,等. 局部热处理对钢--钛自冲铆接头 力学性能的影响. 材料导报,2015,29( 5) : 120) [9] Chung C S,Kim H K. Fatigue strength of self-piercing riveted joints in lap-shear specimens of aluminium and steel sheets. Fa￾tigue Fract Eng Mater Struct,2016,39( 9) : 1105 [10] Zhao L,He X C,Xing B Y,et al. Influence of sheet thickness on fatigue behavior and fretting of self-piercing riveted joints in a￾luminum alloy 5052. Mater Des,2015,87: 1010 [11] Gay A,Lefebvre F,Bergamo S,et al. Fatigue performance of a self-piercing rivet joint between aluminum and glass fiber rein￾forced thermoplastic composite. Int J Fatigue,2016,83: 127 [12] Deng C J,He X C,Zhou S,et al. Study on fatigue behavior of single-lap self-piercing riveted joints of aluminum and copper al￾loy dissimilar sheet materials. Hot Work Technol,2013,42( 17) : 20 ( 邓成江,何晓聪,周森,等. 铝--铜合金异质材料单搭自冲 铆接头疲劳特性研究. 热加工工艺,2013,42( 17) : 20) [13] Gao Z T,Fu H M,Liang M X. A method for fitting S--N curve. J Beijing Inst Aeron Astron,1987( 1) : 115 ( 高镇同,傅惠民,梁美训. S--N 曲线拟合法. 北京航空学院 学报,1987( 1) : 115) [14] Zhong Q P,Zhao Z H. Fractography. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006 ( 钟群鹏,赵子华. 断口学. 北京: 高等教育出版社,2006) [15] Chen Y K,Han L,Chrysanthou A,et al. Fretting wear in self￾piercing riveted aluminium alloy sheet. Wear,2003,255 ( 7- 12) : 1463 · 484 ·
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