Raw material selection: meat and poultry 67 Table 3.3 Drip loss after two days storage at 0@C from four muscles from two breeds of pig cooled at different rates Adductor Biceps Combined tendinosus membranous femoris (4 muscles) Pietrain Quick 2.82 4.115.30 Large white 1.04 Slow 1.95 2.323.2 breed, they are slight and currently of no commercial significance to Australian consumers.That said, there are substantial differences in the proportion of acceptable tender meat and toughness between Bos indicus* and Bos taurus* cattle. The proportion of acceptable tender meat has been found to decrease from 100% in Hereford Angus crosses, to 96% in Tarentaise, 93% in Pinzgauer, 86% in Brahman and only 80% in Tsahiwal. Toughness of meat increases as the proportion of Bos indicus increases 3.2.2 Animal to animal variation here is little data on any relationship between animal to animal variation and chilled storage life. However. it is believed to cause wide variations in frozen storage life; differences can be as great as 50% in the freezing of lamb. 2 Differences would appear to be caused by genetic, seasonal or nutritional variation between animals, but there is little reported work to confirm this view Variations were found between the fatty acids and ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids in lambs from New Zealand, America and England. Differences related to sex, geographical area and cut were mainly a reflection of fatness, ith ewes having a greater percentage of body fat than rams. However, differences between areas were found to produce larger variations between animals than sex differences. a number of other trials have detailed differenc between animals There can also be significant differences in texture within Longissimus dorsi shear force values for double muscled Belgium Blue bulls were significantly higher than those of the same breed with normal conformation. Calpain I levels at I h and 24 h post mortem were also much lower. It was suggested that the lower background toughness in the double muscle was compensated for by reduced post mortem proteolytic tenderisation Sex of the animal appears to have little or no influence on tenderness. Huff and Parrish compared the tenderness of meat from 14-month-old bulls and s Bos indicus are tropical and semitropical breeds of cattle primarily Brahman and Bos taurus are temperate breeds such as Hereford or Aberdeen Angus.breed, they are slight and currently of no commercial significance to Australian consumers.’ That said, there are substantial differences in the proportion of acceptable tender meat and toughness between Bos indicus* and Bos taurus* cattle. The proportion of acceptable tender meat has been found to decrease from 100% in Hereford Angus crosses, to 96% in Tarentaise, 93% in Pinzgauer, 86% in Brahman and only 80% in Tsahiwal.9 Toughness of meat increases as the proportion of Bos indicus increases.10 3.2.2 Animal to animal variation There is little data on any relationship between animal to animal variation and chilled storage life. However, it is believed to cause wide variations in frozen storage life; differences can be as great as 50% in the freezing of lamb.11, 12 Differences would appear to be caused by genetic, seasonal or nutritional variation between animals, but there is little reported work to confirm this view. Variations were found between the fatty acids and ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids in lambs from New Zealand, America and England.13 Differences related to sex, geographical area and cut were mainly a reflection of fatness, with ewes having a greater percentage of body fat than rams. However, differences between areas were found to produce larger variations between animals than sex differences. A number of other trials have detailed differences between animals. There can also be significant differences in texture within a breed. Longissimus dorsi shear force values for double muscled Belgium Blue bulls were significantly higher than those of the same breed with normal conformation.14 Calpain I levels at 1 h and 24 h post mortem were also much lower. It was suggested that the lower background toughness in the double muscle was compensated for by reduced post mortem proteolytic tenderisation. Sex of the animal appears to have little or no influence on tenderness. Huff and Parrish15 compared the tenderness of meat from 14-month-old bulls and Table 3.3 Drip loss after two days storage at 0ºC from four muscles from two breeds of pig cooled at different rates Drip (as % muscle weight) Cooling Semi- Semi- Adductor Biceps Combined rate tendinosus membranous femoris (4 muscles) Pietrain Quick 2.82 4.40 5.52 2.69 3.86 Slow 3.99 6.47 6.61 4.11 5.30 Large White Quick 1.69 2.01 2.92 1.04 1.92 Slow 1.95 3.50 5.07 2.32 3.21 * Bos indicus are tropical and semitropical breeds of cattle primarily Brahman and Bos taurus are temperate breeds such as Hereford or Aberdeen Angus. Raw material selection: meat and poultry 67