83 Reproduction Modes of Crops and The Exploitation of Heterosis杂种优势的遗传基础 The basic principles of exploitation Easy Manipulation Low Cost (of seed production) Obvious heterosis 2. Reproduction modes and the exploitation Self pollinated and often cross pollinated plants Intervarietal hybrid; Male Sterility(cms, nms) Cross pollinated plants (Manual emasculation) Vegetatively propagated plants( Fixing heterosis)§3 Reproduction Modes of Crops and The Exploitation of Heterosis 杂种优势的遗传基础 1. The Basic Principles of Exploitation ▪ Easy Manipulation ▪ Low Cost (of seed production) ▪ Obvious Heterosis 2. Reproduction modes and the Exploitation ▪ Self pollinated and often cross pollinated plants Intervarietal hybrid; Male Sterility (cms, nms) ▪ Cross pollinated plants (Manual emasculation) ▪ Vegetatively propagated plants (Fixing heterosis)