p The fundamental equations Five state functions in the first and second laws The internal energy H The entropy: S The enthalpy: H P U The Helmholtz energy: A The gibbs energy: G P TS H=U+pV A=0-TS G AS G=H-TS= U+py-TS=A+pV 版权所有:华东理工大学物理化学教研版权所有：华东理工大学物理化学教研室 5 The fundamental equations Five state functions in the First and Second Laws: The internal energy: U The entropy: S The enthalpy: H The Helmholtz energy: A The Gibbs energy: G H pV U pV A TS G TS H=U+pV A=U-TS G= H-TS = U+pV-TS =A+pV