4. The departure of potential HCI(0.1M)I KCl(salt bridge, XM) KCI(0. 1M) When x>3.6 Elin<lmV olarization Fact ENernst and surf ≠Cbok er-voltage real potential start a reaction equilibrium potential Ohm drop ell"Cathode" anode +|R (6-4) R: resistance of solution, I: current4. The departure of potential 1) Liquid-junction potential HCl(0.1M) KCl(salt bridge, xM) KCl(0.1M) When x>3.6 Eljp<1mV 2) Polarization Efact ≠ENernst and Csurf ≠Cbolk 3) Over-voltage real potential start a reaction > equilibrium potential 4) Ohm drop Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode + IR R: resistance of solution, I: current (6-4)