·54· 智能系统学报 第14卷 际网络的通用故障定位技术。同时针对不同的业 cost efficient virtualized network function placement for 务需求，需要进一步降低概率推理近似算法的复 big data processing[Cl//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Confer- 杂度，提高故障定位算法的运行速度和准确性仍 ence on Computer Communications Workshops.San Fran- 旧充满挑战。 cisc0,USA.2016:604-609. 因此，针对上述问题未来可研究面向虚拟异 [6]NATU M.SETHI A S,LLOYD E L.Efficient probe selec- 构信息网络的故障诊断方法。从故障定位模型、 tion algorithms for fault diagnosis[J].Telecommunication 信息获取方式、故障定位计算、网络异构性、运行 systems,,2008,37(1/2/3):109-125. [7]STEINDER M.SETHI A S.End-to-end service failure dia- 效率与成本等方面入手，设计一个面向异构多层 信息网络的故障探测与定位体系。需要充分考虑 gnosis using belief networks[C]//Proceedings of 2002 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposi- 信息获取的复杂性、网络新老技术的共存性和故 um.Management Solutions for the New Communications 障定位模型的真实性，建立面向虚拟网络的故障 World.Florence,Italy,2002:375-390. 定位新模型；将优化探测站的选择和探测路径数 [8]WU Bin,HO P H,TAPOLCAI J,et al.Optimal allocation 量的设定，研究综合考虑探测效率、探测代价、网 of monitoring trails for fast SRLG failure localization in 络开销等约束的高动态虚拟网络故障探测信息获 all-optical networks[Cl//Proceedings of 2010 IEEE Global 取新技术；此外，研究并验证状态或节点之间的 Telecommunications Conference.Miami,USA,2010:1-5. 关系，设计面向不同业务需求的通用故障定位算 [9]BRODIE M,RISH I,MA Sheng,et al.Active probing 法，进一步提高故障定位算法的运行速度和准确 strategies for problem diagnosis in distributed systems[Cl// 性。在上述体系结构下，可以致力于基于预测思 Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on 想的下一代网络管理系统，该系统不仅具有故障 Artificial Intelligence.Acapulco,Mexico,2003:1337- 监测和定位的功能，还应当从最近的网络部件状 1338 态信息中捕捉和预防故障的发生。 [10]BABARCZI P,TAPOLCAI J,HO P H.Adjacent link failure localization with monitoring trails in all-optical 6结束语 mesh networks[J].IEEE/ACM transactions on network- ing.2011.19(3):907-920. 本文总结和研究了多层信息网络的定位问 [11]XUAN Ying,SHEN Yilin,NGUYEN N P,et al.Effi- 题，从故障定位模型、信息获取方式、故障定位计 cient Multi-link failure localization schemes in all-optical 算、网络异构性、运行效率与成本等方面入手，充 networks[J].IEEE transactions on communications,2013. 分研究了多层网络故障定位方法，分析了各种方 61(3):1144-1151 法的优缺点。最后，对现有故障定位方法相关研 [12]TAPOLCAI J.HO P H.RONYAI L.et al.Failure localiz- 究的不足和亟待进一步研究解决的问题进行了总 ation for shared risk link groups in all-optical mesh net- 结，并指出了未来的研究方向。 works using monitoring trails[J].Journal of lightwave 参考文献 technology,201L,29(10:1597-1606. 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[5]GU Lin,TAO Sheng,ZENG Deze,et al.Communication [17]PAN Yalian,QIU Xuesong,ZHANG Shuili.Fault dia-际网络的通用故障定位技术。同时针对不同的业 务需求，需要进一步降低概率推理近似算法的复 杂度，提高故障定位算法的运行速度和准确性仍 旧充满挑战。 因此，针对上述问题未来可研究面向虚拟异 构信息网络的故障诊断方法。从故障定位模型、 信息获取方式、故障定位计算、网络异构性、运行 效率与成本等方面入手，设计一个面向异构多层 信息网络的故障探测与定位体系。需要充分考虑 信息获取的复杂性、网络新老技术的共存性和故 障定位模型的真实性，建立面向虚拟网络的故障 定位新模型；将优化探测站的选择和探测路径数 量的设定，研究综合考虑探测效率、探测代价、网 络开销等约束的高动态虚拟网络故障探测信息获 取新技术；此外，研究并验证状态或节点之间的 关系，设计面向不同业务需求的通用故障定位算 法，进一步提高故障定位算法的运行速度和准确 性。在上述体系结构下，可以致力于基于预测思 想的下一代网络管理系统，该系统不仅具有故障 监测和定位的功能，还应当从最近的网络部件状 态信息中捕捉和预防故障的发生。 6 结束语 本文总结和研究了多层信息网络的定位问 题，从故障定位模型、信息获取方式、故障定位计 算、网络异构性、运行效率与成本等方面入手，充 分研究了多层网络故障定位方法，分析了各种方 法的优缺点。最后，对现有故障定位方法相关研 究的不足和亟待进一步研究解决的问题进行了总 结，并指出了未来的研究方向。 参考文献： DUSIA A, SETHI A S. Recent advances in fault localiza￾tion in computer networks[J]. IEEE communications sur￾veys and tutorials, 2016, 18(4): 3030–3051. [1] KOZAT U C, LIANG Guanfeng, KÖKTEN K, et al. On optimal topology verification and failure localization for software defined networks[J]. 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Failure localiz￾ation for shared risk link groups in all-optical mesh net￾works using monitoring trails[J]. Journal of lightwave technology, 2011, 29(10): 1597–1606. [12] ALI M L, HO P H, TAPOLCAI J. SRLG failure localiza￾tion using nested m-trails and their application to adapt￾ive probing[J]. Networks, 2015, 66(4): 347–363. [13] BAI Linda, ROY S. A two-stage approach for network monitoring[J]. Journal of network and systems manage￾ment, 2013, 21(2): 238–263. [14] TANG Yongning, AL-SHAER E S, BOUTABA R. Act￾ive integrated fault localization in communication net￾works[C]//Proceedings of the 9th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management. Nice, France, 2005: 543–556. [15] TANG Y, AL-SHAER E. Towards collaborative user￾level overlay fault diagnosis[C]//Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2008: 2476–2484. [16] [17] PAN Yalian, QIU Xuesong, ZHANG Shuili. Fault dia- ·54· 智 能 系 统 学 报 第 14 卷