Chap.2 and part of Chap.4 ©Total energy△E=E-E,=△U+AKE+APE =m(,-4)+与m(c-c)+mg(a2-2) Reference state First law △E=Q-W Rate basis form Steady state 国 1st law calculation for processes/cycles:Q,W... for closed systems 上游通大学 May17,2019 5 HANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITYMay 17, 2019 5 Chap. 2 and part of Chap.4 Total energy Reference state First law Rate basis form Steady state 1 st law calculation for processes/cycles : Q, W… for closed systems 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 KE PE 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 E E E U m u u m c c mg z z               