First quantum simulation experiment looks beautiful, but faces a lot of questions Super fluid to Mott insulator phase transition in 3-D optical lattice Greiner M, Mandel O, Esslinger T, Hansch T 3D optical lattice W.& Bloch, Nature 415, 39-44 (2002) Quantum degenerate Bose/Fermi system Lack of a clear diagnostic of how below micro kelvin to identify phases Optical lattice provide periodical potential · Complications due to with no defects coexistence of different phases Atom-atom interaction can be described by a in the same confining potential simple s-wave scattering length Lack of thermometry of the Bose Easily tunable Hubbard Model parameters gas in the optical lattice Artificial toy models: 1D, 2D, spinor, etc• Quantum degenerate Bose/Fermi system below micro Kelvin • Optical lattice provide periodical potential with no defects • Atom-atom interaction can be described by a simple s-wave scattering length • Easily tunable Hubbard Model parameters • Artificial toy models: 1D, 2D, spinor, etc Super fluid to Mott insulator phase transition in 3-D optical lattice Greiner M., Mandel O., Esslinger T., Hansch T. W. & Bloch I., Nature 415, 39–44 (2002). First quantum simulation experiment looks beautiful, but faces a lot of questions 3D optical lattice • Lack of a clear diagnostic of how to identify phases • Complications due to coexistence of different phases in the same confining potential • Lack of thermometry of the Bose gas in the optical lattice