Optimum ranges for environmental factors at each stage Temperature fluidity Spore germination D21.5 Liquid2O):5.1-6.3:0-1600 Growth of protonema D)17.s1)26.3 Liquid15.1-5810 Nl3.8N20.8 Production of buds D17S126.3 N13.SN20.8 Growth of shoot .Dl78D2.3 100 5).1-5.S N13.8N20.8 Production of sex organs Fertilization I Liquid 11.0 Growth of sporophyte Production of spores Production of gemmae D17.8)21.5 100 (100 N3.8N106.9 Gemma germination D19.9D23.5 Liquid I4)3.04i.5{30-1000 N172N20.7Optimum ranges for environmental factors at each stage