44增强纤维 444 Ceramic Fibers陶瓷纤维 443有机纤维 Three fabrication methods 聚乙烯纤维的性质 1. Chemical vapor deposition 性质 Spectra900 Spectra I0001 Kevlar149 密度(g/em)0.97 2. Polymer pyrolysis 直径(μ 拉伸强度(GPa)2 3.0 3. Sol-gel techniques 拉伸模量(GPa)119 The 3M Co. process of making AlO, fiber Precursor fib ymer and alkyl silicate Calcination solvent The Sumitomo process of making Draw wheels Composition and properties of Nextel series fibers 312Al2O262,SiO24,B2O314 440Al2O370,SO228,B2O3210-123.052000186 550A12O373,S0227 10-123.03 610A12O39+,(siO,Fe2O3)10-12 720A2O385.S0215 2130 Optical micrograph of Nextel 312(AL, O +SiO,+B,O3)9 4.4 增强纤维 4.4.3 有机纤维 聚乙烯纤维的性质 性质 Spectra900 Spectra 1000 Kevlar 149 密度(g/cm3) 0.97 0.97 1.44 直径（µ） 38 27 拉伸强度(GPa) 2.7 3.0 拉伸模量(GPa) 119 175 180 4.4.4 Ceramic Fibers 陶瓷纤维 Three fabrication methods 1. Chemical vapor deposition 2. Polymer pyrolysis 3. Sol-gel techniques The Sumitomo process of making a silica- stabilized Al2O3 fiber Organoalumino compound Alkyl aluminum or alkoxy aluminum (AlR3) Polymerization AlR3 + H2O －Al－O－ － R Organic solvent + Si-containing compound (alkyl silicate) Dry spinning Precursor fiber (organoaluminum polymer and alkyl silicate) Calcination Inorganic fiber Al2O3: 70-100% SiO2: 30-0% Filter Sol reservior Pump Draw wheels Pyrolysis furnace Spinneret High temperature straightening furnace Takeup spool The 3M Co. process of making Al2O3 fiber Composition Diameter Density Tensile Young’s No. (wt%) (µm) (g/cm3) strength modulus (MPa) (GPa) 312 Al2O362, SiO224, B2O314 10-12 2.7 1700 152 440 Al2O3 70, SiO2 28, B2O3 2 10-12 3.05 2000 186 550 Al2O3 73, SiO2 27 10-12 3.03 2000 193 610 Al2O3 99+, (SiO2, Fe2O3) 10-12 3.75 1900 370 720 Al2O3 85, SiO2 15 10-12 3.4 2130 260 Composition and properties of Nextel series fibers Optical micrograph of Nextel 312(Al2O3+SiO2+B2O3 )