图 点缺陷 (a) (b) (c) Vacancy Insterstitial atom Small substitutianl atom (d) (e) (⑤ Large substitutianl atom Frenkel Defect Schottky defect 材料科学与工程学院 16 School of Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 点缺陷 16 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Vacancy Insterstitial atom Small substitutianl atom Large substitutianl atom Frenkel Defect Schottky defect