Outlines,requirements and time allocation Diagnosis 10min Schmorl's nodes appear as a radiolucent lesion within the vertebral body sumounded by helmet-shaped sclerosis that borders on the intervertebral disc CT scans and MR imaging also show characteristic features Disc herniation 10min When the annulus fibrosus ruptures.the content of the disc hemiates Types: lateral orintraforaminal:median :paramedian or bilateral 15min Presentations: .lumbar region:Backpain and sciatica may result when the hemia is in the lumbar region cervical region:radiculopathy and myelopathy may result from hemiation of cervical discs Dorsal disc hemiation is rare:the nucleus pulposus is frequently calcified 15min Diagnosis: Disc hemiation is the final manifestation of a continuum of degenerative(rarely traumatic)modifications of the nucleus pulposusannulus fibrosus complex Intervertebral space narrowing .vacuum"sign(gas density) Calcification or ossification annulus fibrosus Outlines, requirements and time allocation Diagnosis ⚫ Schmorl's nodes appear as a radiolucent lesion within the vertebral body surrounded by helmet-shaped sclerosis that borders on the intervertebral disc. ⚫ CT scans and MR imaging also show characteristic features Disc herniation ⚫ When the annulus fibrosus ruptures, the content of the disc herniates Types： ⚫ lateral or intraforaminal;median ;paramedian or bilateral Presentations： ⚫ lumbar region ：Backpain and sciatica may result when the hernia is in the lumbar region ⚫ cervical region：radiculopathy and myelopathy may result from herniation of cervical discs ⚫ Dorsal disc herniation is rare; the nucleus pulposus is frequently calcified Diagnosis： ⚫ Disc herniation is the final manifestation of a continuum of degenerative (rarely traumatic) modifications of the nucleus pulposusannulus fibrosus complex ⚫ Intervertebral space narrowing ⚫ “vacuum” sign (gas density) ⚫ Calcification or ossification annulus fibrosus 10min 10min 15min 15min