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工程科学学报,第38卷,第1期:135-142,2016年1月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.38,No.1:135-142,January 2016 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2016.01.018:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 液压溢流阀的失稳分析和实验研究 马威,马飞四,周志鸿,耿晓光 北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:yeke@ustb.cdu.cm 摘要分析了液压回路中溢流阀的结构特点,考虑液压油压缩性、管道弹性和阀芯碰撞阀座时的能量损失,建立了溢流阀 量纲一形式的数学模型,并进行了Lyapunov指数分析,目的是研究溢流阀的失稳机理和颤振行为.应用非光滑动态系统理论 和MATLAB软件绘制单参数和双参数分岔图,理论解释了阀芯离开阀座时的擦边分岔.结果表明,溢流阀入口流量和预设压 力直接决定着阀的振荡特性,并且存在着H叩分岔、擦边分岔、周期和混沌等现象.搭建了测试平台,得到弹簧预压缩量x。= 5mm情况下的阀芯位移分岔图,对数学模型进行了验证. 关键词溢流阀:失稳;混沌:分岔;非光滑系统;Lyapunov指数 分类号TH137.5 Instability analysis and experimental study of a hydraulic relief valve MA Wei,MA Fei,ZHOU Zhi-hong,GENG Xiao-guang School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:yeke@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT The structure characteristic of a pressure relief valve embedded within a hydraulic circuit was analyzed.A nondimen- sional mathematical model was constructed by considering fluid compressibility,tube elasticity and energy loss when the valve poppet impacts its seat.Lyapunov exponent analyses were carried out.The aim is to capture the instability mechanism and chatter behavior of the relief valve.The non-smooth dynamical system theory and software MATLAB were used to draw one-parameter and two-parameter bifurcation diagrams.Grazing bifurcation which occurs at the poppet departure from the seat was explained.The results show that the flow rate into the valve and the setting pressure directly determine oscillation characters,and Hopf bifurcation,grazing bifureation,pe- riodic and chaotic phenomena appear.The measured bifurcation diagram at the spring pre-compression valuexo=5mm was presented. The mathematical model of the relief valve was verified on a test platform. KEY WORDS relief valves;instability:chaos;bifurcation:non-smooth systems:Lyapunov exponent 直动式溢流阀在工业上有广泛的应用,用来防止现当系统稳定时,系统会衰减振动至稳定,但当干扰幅 系统压力过载,然而溢流阀有不稳定和发生自激振荡 值超过临界值时,系统会进入极限环的吸引域,产生周 的现象(见Misra等m和Chabane等回研究成果).这 期性振动,通过增加阀口直径、弹簧刚度和减小阀芯半 种阀的非稳定性现象被称为“颤振” 锥角,可增强溢流阀的抗干扰能力.Moussou等西专注 在溢流阀颤振相关的实验研究工作中,Misra等▣ 于研究阀本身(不考虑管道影响),发现增大供油压力 为了验证模型的正确性,考察了油管对溢流阀自激振 会加剧阀的不稳定性,尤其在阀芯只有很小位移的时 荡的影响,并首次考虑了油液的压缩性.杨忠炯等四 候.他的观点是,系统的不稳定本质上有两种原因:一 建立了溢流阀在强振动环境下的动力学仿真模型,发 种是阀和油箱组成“阀模型”,作为独立系统可能导致 收稿日期:2015-08-10 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51274021)工程科学学报,第 38 卷,第 1 期: 135--142,2016 年 1 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol. 38,No. 1: 135--142,January 2016 DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn2095--9389. 2016. 01. 018; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 液压溢流阀的失稳分析和实验研究 马 威,马 飞,周志鸿,耿晓光 北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京 100083  通信作者,E-mail: yeke@ ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 分析了液压回路中溢流阀的结构特点,考虑液压油压缩性、管道弹性和阀芯碰撞阀座时的能量损失,建立了溢流阀 量纲一形式的数学模型,并进行了 Lyapunov 指数分析,目的是研究溢流阀的失稳机理和颤振行为. 应用非光滑动态系统理论 和 MATLAB 软件绘制单参数和双参数分岔图,理论解释了阀芯离开阀座时的擦边分岔. 结果表明,溢流阀入口流量和预设压 力直接决定着阀的振荡特性,并且存在着 Hopf 分岔、擦边分岔、周期和混沌等现象. 搭建了测试平台,得到弹簧预压缩量 x0 = 5 mm 情况下的阀芯位移分岔图,对数学模型进行了验证. 关键词 溢流阀; 失稳; 混沌; 分岔; 非光滑系统; Lyapunov 指数 分类号 TH137. 5 Instability analysis and experimental study of a hydraulic relief valve MA Wei,MA Fei ,ZHOU Zhi-hong,GENG Xiao-guang School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: yeke@ ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT The structure characteristic of a pressure relief valve embedded within a hydraulic circuit was analyzed. A nondimen￾sional mathematical model was constructed by considering fluid compressibility,tube elasticity and energy loss when the valve poppet impacts its seat. Lyapunov exponent analyses were carried out. The aim is to capture the instability mechanism and chatter behavior of the relief valve. The non-smooth dynamical system theory and software MATLAB were used to draw one-parameter and two-parameter bifurcation diagrams. Grazing bifurcation which occurs at the poppet departure from the seat was explained. The results show that the flow rate into the valve and the setting pressure directly determine oscillation characters,and Hopf bifurcation,grazing bifurcation,pe￾riodic and chaotic phenomena appear. The measured bifurcation diagram at the spring pre-compression value x0 = 5 mm was presented. The mathematical model of the relief valve was verified on a test platform. KEY WORDS relief valves; instability; chaos; bifurcation; non-smooth systems; Lyapunov exponent 收稿日期: 2015--08--10 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目( 51274021) 直动式溢流阀在工业上有广泛的应用,用来防止 系统压力过载,然而溢流阀有不稳定和发生自激振荡 的现象( 见 Misra 等[1]和 Chabane 等[2]研究成果) . 这 种阀的非稳定性现象被称为“颤振”. 在溢流阀颤振相关的实验研究工作中,Misra 等[1] 为了验证模型的正确性,考察了油管对溢流阀自激振 荡的影响,并首次考虑了油液的压缩性. 杨忠炯等[3] 建立了溢流阀在强振动环境下的动力学仿真模型,发 现当系统稳定时,系统会衰减振动至稳定,但当干扰幅 值超过临界值时,系统会进入极限环的吸引域,产生周 期性振动,通过增加阀口直径、弹簧刚度和减小阀芯半 锥角,可增强溢流阀的抗干扰能力. Moussou 等[4]专注 于研究阀本身( 不考虑管道影响) ,发现增大供油压力 会加剧阀的不稳定性,尤其在阀芯只有很小位移的时 候. 他的观点是,系统的不稳定本质上有两种原因: 一 种是阀和油箱组成“阀模型”,作为独立系统可能导致
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