562 Park DY et d E= ekhee2aasalgtmiao Wa md Qin Whiting DR.GuariguataLWeil C.Shaw (2). sfor 2030.Diabetes ResClin Raut 79-一984 A Nikk for oration of chro S Mic Bacter dinis(Weinb 1937na Zh comb. 学omo品 Zh .Wang L.Zhao L Saulnier DM.Riehle K,Mistretta TA.Diaz MA,Mandal D. Raza Zh ng HLi YH.Rao Y.Yu RY.Zhang ZWet al. egen profiling of the Clost amrpog 尚地平 1 tamnce high-t Zhang Y.Lix.Zou D.Liu W.Yang ]Zhu N al.(2008 SE.(2006).Infla n and insulin resistance 14 Zhao I 16736 c fate of ov.00) eate3 Chns7®3 NMR- ®8 ons Attributio 1 article's ive Cor ns lice ur dit f the ss indicate included under the Creative Co ons licens t-patients with type 2 diabetes. winedminobtaiermiheaa from the license holder ugh of this license, Diet-induced licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Supplementary Information accompanies this paper on The ISME Journal website(http://www.nature.com/ismej) Park DY, Ahn YT, Park SH, Huh CS, Yoo SR, Yu R et al. (2013). Supplementation of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 in diet-induced obese mice is associated with gut micro￾bial changes and reduction in obesity. PLoS One 8: e59470. Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F et al. (2012). A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 490: 55–60. Rabbani GH, Butler T, Knight J, Sanyal SC, Alam K. (1987). Randomized controlled trial of berberine sulfate therapy for diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. J Infect Dis 155: 979–984. Rautio M, Saxen H, Siitonen A, Nikku R, Jousimies-Somer H. (2000). Bacteriology of histopathologically defined appendicitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19: 1078–1083. Rautio M, Eerola E, Vaisanen-Tunkelrott ML, Molitoris D, Lawson P, Collins MD et al. (2003). Reclassification of Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) in a new genus Alistipes gen. nov., as Alistipes putredinis comb. nov., and description of Alistipes finegoldii sp. nov., from human sources. Syst Appl Microbiol 26: 182–188. Saulnier DM, Riehle K, Mistretta TA, Diaz MA, Mandal D, Raza S et al. (2011). Gastrointestinal microbiome signatures of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 141: 1782–1791. Shen J, Zhang B, Wei G, Pang X, Wei H, Li M et al. (2006). Molecular profiling of the Clostridium leptum subgroup in human fecal microflora by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 5232–5238. Shin NR, Lee JC, Lee HY, Kim MS, Whon TW, Lee MS et al. (2013). An increase in the Akkermansia spp. popula￾tion induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Gut 63: 727–735. Shoelson SE. (2006). Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 116: 1793–1801. Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L, Lakhdari O, Bermudez-Humaran LG, Gratadoux JJ et al. (2008). From the cover: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 16731–16736. Tang J, Feng Y, Tsao S, Wang N, Curtain R, Wang Y. (2009). Berberine and Coptidis rhizoma as novel antineoplastic agents: a review of traditional use and biomedical investigations. J Ethnopharmacol 126: 5–17. Tian N, Wang J, Wang P, Song X, Yang M, Kong L. (2013). NMR-based metabonomic study of Chinese medicine Gegen Qinlian Decoction as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes in rats. Metabolomics 9: 1228–1242. Tong XL, Zhao HL, Lian FM, Zhou Q, Xia L, Zhang JC et al. (2011). Clinical observations on the dose-effect relationship of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction on 54 out-patients with type 2 diabetes. J Traditional Chinese Med 31: 56–59. Turnbaugh PJ, Backhed F, Fulton L, Gordon JI. (2008). Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut micro￾biome. Cell Host Microbe 3: 213–223. Waisundara VY, Hsu A, Tan BK, Huang D. (2009). Baicalin reduces mitochondrial damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 25: 671–677. Wang T, Cai G, Qiu Y, Fei N, Zhang M, Pang X et al. (2011). Structural segregation of gut microbiota between colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers. ISME J 6: 320–329. Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. (2011). IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 94: 311–321. Xiao S, Fei N, Pang X, Shen J, Wang L, Zhang B et al. (2013). A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolic syndrome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 87: 357–367. Xu Y, Wang L, He J, Bi Y, Li M, Wang T et al. (2013). Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults. JAMA 310: 948–959. Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang S, Han R, Cao Y, Hua W et al. (2009). Interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics and diet relevant to development of metabolic syndromes in mice. ISME J 4: 232–241. Zhang C, Zhang M, Pang X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhao L. (2012a). Structural resilience of the gut microbiota in adult mice under high-fat dietary perturbations. ISME J 6: 1848–1857. Zhang CH, Xu GL, Liu YH, Rao Y, Yu RY, Zhang ZW et al. (2013). Anti-diabetic activities of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin￾induced diabetic rats and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytomedicine 20: 221–229. Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Pang X, Xu J, Kang C et al. (2012b). Structural changes of gut microbiota during berberine-mediated prevention of obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed rats. PLoS One 7: e42529. Zhang Y, Li X, Zou D, Liu W, Yang J, Zhu N et al. (2008). Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 2559–2565. Zhao L. (2013). The gut microbiota and obesity: from correlation to causality. Nat Rev Microbiol 11: 639–647. Zhu XY, Su GY, Li ZH, Yue TL, Yan XZ, Wei HL. (1979). The metabolic fate of the effective components of puerariae. III. The metabolism of puerarin [article in Chinese]. Acta Pharm Sin 14: 349–355. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial￾NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Supplementary Information accompanies this paper on The ISME Journal website (http://www.nature.com/ismej) Microbiota shift in alleviation of type 2 diabetes J Xu et al 562 The ISME Journal