KANTIAN PEACE 7 ---AVGDEM·-AVGDEP—AVGIGO 15 C. 05 Year FIGURE 1 KANTIAN VARIABLES Our statistical method-pooled cross-sectional time-series regres- sion analysis of data regarding pairs of states(dyads)observed annually -is well suited to the purposes at hand.It considers variance in states' involvement in militarized disputes across dyads in each year and in dyadic relations through time.Consequently we can determine the likelihood of conflict as a function of differences across thousands of pairs of states annually and of changes in dyadic relations or in the in- ternational system from year to year over a period of more than one hundred years.By measuring change in the Kantian variables through time,we can begin to disentangle their systemic effects from their strictly dyadic influences. Changes over time in the average level of democracy,interdepen- dence,and IGO involvement capture important elements of the norms and institutions of the international system.Wendt,for instance,con- tends that world politics has slowly evolved from Hobbesian anarchy to a Lockean system wherein the security dilemma is ameliorated by norms recognizing the right of sovereign states to exist;these,in turnKANTIAN PEACE 7 -AVGDEM.AVGDEP-AVGIGO | Year Figure 1 Kantian Variables Our statistical method?pooled cross-sectional time-series regres sion analysis of data regarding pairs of states (dyads) observed annually ?is well suited to the purposes at hand. It considers variance in states' involvement in militarized disputes across dyads in each year and in dyadic relations through time. Consequently we can determine the likelihood of conflict as a function of differences across thousands of pairs of states annually and of changes in dyadic relations or in the in ternational system from year to year over a period of more than one hundred years. By measuring change in the Kantian variables through time, we can begin to disentangle their systemic effects from their strictly dyadic influences. Changes over time in the average level of democracy, interdepen dence, and IGO involvement capture important elements of the norms and institutions of the international system. Wendt, for instance, con tends that world politics has slowly evolved from Hobbesian anarchy to a Lockean system wherein the security dilemma is ameliorated by norms recognizing the right of sovereign states to exist; these, in turn