Uroepithelium malignancy vigorous excise trauma papillary necrosis cystitis/urethritis/prostatitis(usually caused by infection) parasitic diseases(e.g. schistosomiasis) nephrolithiasis or bladder calculi Multiple sites or source unknown hypercalciuria hyperuricosuriaUroepithelium malignancy vigorous excise trauma papillary necrosis cystitis/urethritis/prostatitis(usually caused by infection) parasitic diseases (e.g. schistosomiasis) nephrolithiasis or bladder calculi Multiple sites or source unknown hypercalciuria hyperuricosuria