Care HIS Graphics Intensive Care Bedside Terminal Aerospace Medicine Occupational Med Cardiovascular Disease Orthopaedic Surgery File Serve Child Psychiatry Otorhinolaryngology Dermatolog Diagnostic Radiology Pediatric Allergy Emergency Medicine Pediatric Cardiology Public Health Physical Med g logy Rehabilitation General rgery e General Surgery Radiology Home AdmissionsNeurological Surger Urological su FIGURE 117.1 An example of medical systems integration Imaging and the CIs Imaging plays two very important roles within the context of a computer-based record (CBR).Document imaging allows for all those records that exist today in storage for the medical records departments to be scanned and incorporated electronically with the rest of the patient's current records existing in the HIS and CIS. The second role is from the perspective of clinical images. Most imaging experts will call this PACS, which stands for picture archival and communications system and is mostly associated with the Radiology Department of the hospital. We can view clinical images as a form of data which can be generated in any department. Some of these typical clinical departments utilizing clinical images are radiology, cardiology(e.g, echocar diography, fluoroscopic techniques, cine cameras, 3D modeling, gamma cameras), orthopedic surgery, plastie surgery,obstetrics/gynecology, laboratories(e.g, genetics, chromosome analysis, cytology, hematology, clinical mistry, pathology, histology, electron microscope), maxillofacial clinics, sports medicine, and oncology(e.g radiation therapy, chemotherapy), emergency rooms, intensive care units, etc. There are five imaging modalities: x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), computer tomography (Ct) nuclear medicine(NM), and ultrasound(US). These modalities create images which are very different not only in medical terms but in their size and content As a result there are three main areas under pacs which are critical in succeeding with such systems: communications (ie, network, transmission protocol, and image format), archiving (i. e, database and storage media), and image processing (i.e, display, user interface, and IP algorithms Systems Integration As an example of systems integration in the emergency care environment(see Fig 117.1),from an information- flow point of view we see the following: e 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC Imaging and the CIS Imaging plays two very important roles within the context of a computer-based record (CBR). Document imaging allows for all those records that exist today in storage for the medical records departments to be scanned and incorporated electronically with the rest of the patient’s current records existing in the HIS and CIS. The second role is from the perspective of clinical images. Most imaging experts will call this PACS, which stands for picture archival and communications system and is mostly associated with the Radiology Department of the hospital. We can view clinical images as a form of data which can be generated in any department. Some of these typical clinical departments utilizing clinical images are radiology, cardiology (e.g., echocar￾diography, fluoroscopic techniques, cine cameras, 3D modeling, gamma cameras), orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, laboratories (e.g., genetics, chromosome analysis, cytology, hematology, clinical chemistry, pathology, histology, electron microscope), maxillofacial clinics, sports medicine, and oncology (e.g., radiation therapy, chemotherapy), emergency rooms, intensive care units, etc. There are five imaging modalities: x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), nuclear medicine (NM), and ultrasound (US). These modalities create images which are very different not only in medical terms but in their size and content. As a result, there are three main areas under PACS which are critical in succeeding with such systems: communications (i.e., network, transmission protocol, and image format), archiving (i.e., database and storage media), and image processing (i.e., display, user interface, and IP algorithms). Systems Integration As an example of systems integration in the emergency care environment (see Fig. 117.1), from an information- flow point of view we see the following: FIGURE 117.1 An example of medical systems integration