Characteristics of Solids The Classification of Solids Preferred for characterization of structure and properties Polycrystalline Powder (Highly crystalline) Electrons in Solids Used for characterization when single crystal ean not be easily obtained, preferred for industrial production and nd Theory Polycrystalline Powder Large Surface Area) Desirable for further reactivity and certain applications such catalysis and electrode materials Semiconducto Amorphous(Glass) No long range translationalorder Thin Film widespread use in microelectronics, telecommunications, 18, coatings, etc. Molecular solid Covalent Types of Crystals According to the ionic bonding in solids (a)ion crystalNaCD olid state Ar crystal(H, BO (mixed bond crystals(graphite) Bo Bonding onding aPrimary bonds-strong attractions between atoms ovalent donic- Metal ion(+)& Nonmetallic ion H) Covalent- local sharing of electrons between atoms MEtallic- global sharing of electrons by all atoms Secondary bonds-attraction forces between1 Characteristics of Solids Bonding Electrons in Solids Band Theory Defects Semiconductor Classification of Solids There are several forms solid state materials can adapt ßSingle Crystal -Preferred for characterization of structure and properties. ßPolycrystalline Powder (Highly crystalline) -Used for characterization when single crystal can not be easily obtained, preferred for industrial production and certain applications. ßPolycrystalline Powder (Large Surface Area) -Desirable for further reactivity and certain applications such as catalysis and electrode materials ßAmorphous (Glass) -No long range translationalorder. ßThin Film -Widespread use in microelectronics, telecommunications, optical applications, coatings, etc. Molecular solid Ionic Covalent Metallic Types of Crystals (a)ion crystal(NaCl) (b)metallic crystal (c)covalent crystal(InSb) (d)molecule crystal (solid state Ar) (e)hydrogen bond crystal(H3BO3 ) (f)mixed bond crystals (graphite) According to the ionic bonding in solids Bonding Electrons transfer between atoms Between many atoms Electrons sharing two atoms Bonding Primary bonds ¾ strong attractions between atoms Ionic ¾ Metal ion(+) & Nonmetallic ion (-) Covalent ¾ local sharing of electrons between atoms Metallic ¾ global sharing of electrons by all atoms Secondary bonds ¾ attraction forces between molecules