4-4 Distance culture barriers oThe second leading cause of trade barriers Distance closed the markets as far as some managers were concerned Communications could be difficult Languages and cultures were different during the last 50 years, communications and transportation technology has dramatically improved. Jet aircraft, fiber optics, satellites have provided fast secure communications and transportation These have also reduced cultural differences " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 4-4 Distance & Culture Barriers ⚫The second leading cause of trade barriers. ◼ Distance closed the markets as far as some managers were concerned. ◼ Communications could be difficult. ◼ Languages and cultures were different. ⚫During the last 50 years, communications and transportation technology has dramatically improved. ◼ Jet aircraft, fiber optics, satellites have provided fast, secure communications and transportation. ◼ These have also reduced cultural differences