Contents 14.3 A formal generalization 14.4 Quantum jumps and quantum trajectories 14.5 Quantum optics and Schrodinger cats Summary Problems 9 Further reading 542 15 State measurement in quantum mechanics 15.1 Protective measurement of the state 54 15.2 Quantum cloning and unitarity violation 15.3 Measurement and reversibility Quantum state reconstruction 15.5 The nature of quantum states Summary Problem Further reading 16 Entanglement:non-separability 567 16.1 EPR 16.2 Bohm's version of the EPR state 16.3 HV theories 164 Bell's contribution 16.5 Experimental test 16.6 Bell inequalities with homodyne detection 167 Bell theorem without inequalities 16.8 What is quantum non-locality? 16.9 Further developments about inequalities 16.10 Conclusion Summary Problems Further reading 627 17 Entanglement:quantum information and computation Information and entropy 17.2 Entanglement and information 17.3 Measurement and information 17.4 Qubits 17.5 Teleportation 创 17.6 Quantum cryptography 646 17.7 Elements of quantum computation 650 17.8 Quantum algorithms and d error correctior Summaryix Contents 14.3 A formal generalization 523 14.4 Quantum jumps and quantum trajectories 528 14.5 Quantum optics and Schrödinger cats 533 Summary 540 Problems 541 Further reading 542 15 State measurement in quantum mechanics 544 15.1 Protective measurement of the state 544 15.2 Quantum cloning and unitarity violation 548 15.3 Measurement and reversibility 550 15.4 Quantum state reconstruction 554 15.5 The nature of quantum states 564 Summary 565 Problems 565 Further reading 566 16 Entanglement: non-separability 567 16.1 EPR 568 16.2 Bohm’s version of the EPR state 573 16.3 HV theories 577 16.4 Bell’s contribution 582 16.5 Experimental tests 595 16.6 Bell inequalities with homodyne detection 605 16.7 Bell theorem without inequalities 613 16.8 What is quantum non-locality? 619 16.9 Further developments about inequalities 623 16.10 Conclusion 625 Summary 625 Problems 626 Further reading 627 17 Entanglement: quantum information and computation 628 17.1 Information and entropy 628 17.2 Entanglement and information 631 17.3 Measurement and information 639 17.4 Qubits 642 17.5 Teleportation 643 17.6 Quantum cryptography 646 17.7 Elements of quantum computation 650 17.8 Quantum algorithms and error correction 659 Summary 671