P7.1.2.1 LEYBOLD Physics Leaflets Apparatus 1X-ray apparatus.············· 554811 1 End-window counter fora&,B,y and x-ray radiation···.·.· 55901 1 LiF monocrystal for Bragg reflection... 55477 additionally required: 1 PC with Windows 9x/NT Fig.2 Schematic diagram of diffraction of x-rays at a mono- crystal and 2 coupling between counter-tube angle and scattering angle(glancing angle) 1 collimator,2 monocrystal,3 counter tube axis of the counter tube are parallel to the incident x-ray beam. As the lattice planes are seldom precisely parallel to the sur- face of the crystal,the zero point of each crystal must be calibrated individually. Setup Setup in Bragg configuration: Fig.3 shows some important details of the experiment setup. To set up the experiment,proceed as follows (see also the Instruction Sheet for the x-ray apparatus): Safety notes The x-ray apparatus fulfills all regulations governing an Mount the collimator in the collimator mount (a)(note the guide groove). x-ray apparatus and fully protected device for instructional use and is type approved for school use in Germany(NW Attach the goniometer to guide rods(d)so that the distance 807/97Ro). s1 between the slit diaphragm of the collimator and the target arm is approx.5 cm.Connect ribbon cable (c)for The built-in protection and screening measures reduce the controlling the goniometer. local dose rate outside of the x-ray apparatus to less than Remove the protective cap of the end-window counter, 1 uSv/h,a value which is on the order of magnitude of the place the end-window counter in sensor seat (e)and natural background radiation. connect the counter tube cable to the socket marked Before putting the x-ray apparatus into operation in- GM TUBE. spect it for damage and to make sure that the high voltage is shut off when the sliding doors are opened (see Instruction Sheet for x-ray apparatus). Keep the x-ray apparatus secure from access by un- authorized persons. Do not allow the anode of the x-ray tube Mo to overheat. When switching on the x-ray apparatus,check to make Fig.3 Experiment setup in Bragg configuration sure that the ventilator in the tube chamber is turning. The goniometer is positioned solely by electric stepper motors. Do not block the target arm and sensor arm of the goniometer and do not use force to move them. d 2axis of the counter tube are parallel to the incident x-ray beam. As the lattice planes are seldom precisely parallel to the sur￾face of the crystal, the zero point of each crystal must be calibrated individually. Setup Setup in Bragg configuration: Fig. 3 shows some important details of the experiment setup. To set up the experiment, proceed as follows (see also the Instruction Sheet for the x-ray apparatus): – Mount the collimator in the collimator mount (a) (note the guide groove). – Attach the goniometer to guide rods (d) so that the distance s1 between the slit diaphragm of the collimator and the target arm is approx. 5 cm. Connect ribbon cable (c) for controlling the goniometer. – Remove the protective cap of the end-window counter, place the end-window counter in sensor seat (e) and connect the counter tube cable to the socket marked GM TUBE. Apparatus 1 X-ray apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 811 1 End-window counter for a, b, g and x-ray radiation . . . . . . . 559 01 1 LiF monocrystal for Bragg reflection . . . 554 77 additionally required: 1 PC with Windows 9x/NT Safety notes The x-ray apparatus fulfills all regulations governing an x-ray apparatus and fully protected device for instructional use and is type approved for school use in Germany (NW 807/97 Rö). The built-in protection and screening measures reduce the local dose rate outside of the x-ray apparatus to less than 1 mSv/h, a value which is on the order of magnitude of the natural background radiation. Before putting the x-ray apparatus into operation in￾spect it for damage and to make sure that the high voltage is shut off when the sliding doors are opened (see Instruction Sheet for x-ray apparatus). Keep the x-ray apparatus secure from access by un￾authorized persons. Do not allow the anode of the x-ray tube Mo to overheat. When switching on the x-ray apparatus, check to make sure that the ventilator in the tube chamber is turning. The goniometer is positioned solely by electric stepper motors. Do not block the target arm and sensor arm of the goniometer and do not use force to move them. Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of diffraction of x-rays at a mono￾crystal and 2q coupling between counter-tube angle and scattering angle (glancing angle) 1 collimator, 2 monocrystal, 3 counter tube Fig. 3 Experiment setup in Bragg configuration P7.1.2.1 LEYBOLD Physics Leaflets 2