工程科学学报.第42卷.第9期：1130-1138.2020年9月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.42,No.9:1130-1138,September 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.10.06.002;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 缝槽水压爆破破岩载荷实验研究 夏彬伟2)，高玉刚，2，刘承伟，2四，欧昌楠2)，彭子烨2，刘浪1,2 1)重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室，重庆4000302)重庆大学复杂煤气层瓦斯抽采国家地方联合工程实验室，重庆 400030 ☒通信作者，E-mail:liuchengwei12@126.com 摘要针对缝槽爆破中以空气作为不耦合介质，其冲击波和准静态压力较小、炸药能量利用率低、破岩能力弱的问题，提 出缝槽水压爆破方法.利用水的微压缩性，以及传能效率高等特点，以水作为炮孔不耦合介质，提升缝槽爆破破岩载荷，开展 其爆破破岩载荷特征研究.通过自主研发的缝槽爆破载荷测试实验系统，分别开展缝槽空气不耦合爆破和缝槽水压爆破实 验.结果表明：水作为缝槽爆破不耦合介质，其冲击波压力峰值约是缝槽空气不耦合爆破的35倍，冲击波压力上升沿更平缓， 入射效率更高；其准静态压力峰值是缝槽空气不耦合爆破的37~46倍，水压爆破的准静态压力压降缓慢，保压时间更长.研 究表明，缝槽水压爆破的炸药能量利用率高，爆炸载荷提升明显.上述研究成果有助于深入认识缝槽水压爆破破岩载荷特 性，同时对该方法的工程应用提供理论和实验支撑 关键词缝槽：水压爆破：破岩载荷；冲击波：准静态压力 分类号TU443 Experimental study on rock-breaking load in slot-hydraulic blasting XIA Bin-wei2.GAO Yu-gang2),LIU Cheng-wei,OU Chang-nan2),PENG Zi-ye2,LIU Lang2) 1)State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China 2)National&Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Gas Drainage in Complex Coal Seam,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China Corresponding author,E-mail:liuchengweil2@126.com ABSTRACT Slot blasting is widely used in mining and tunnel construction,municipal demolition,water conservation,hydropower, and other related projects due to its low cost and high efficiency.In the slot-blasting technique,it is necessary to break the rock efficiently and minimize the damage to the area surrounding the rock.Therefore,improving the blasting efficiency and explosive energy utilization rate as well as reducing the blasting vibration and excessive crushing of rocks are of great significance to the development of blasting engineering.When air spaced uncoupling medium is used in slot blasting,its rock-breaking efficiency is significantly low due to various factors such as generation of shock waves,low quasi-static pressure,low energy utilization rate of explosive,and weak rock- breaking ability.To improve the rock-breaking load of slot blasting,the slot-hydraulic blasting method was proposed.In this method, water is utilized as the uncoupling medium for slot blasting as water has better microcompressibility and high energy transfer efficiency; in addition,research on its characteristics under rock-breaking load was investigated.Slot blasting with air spaced uncoupling charge and slot-hydraulic blasting tests were carried out under the independently developed slot blast load test system.The test results show that the shockwave pressure of slot-hydraulic blasting tests is approximately 35 times that of the air uncoupling blasting method because of the generation of high-pressure shockwaves and the higher incident efficiency.The hydraulic blasting quasi-static pressure is 37-46 times that of the air spaced uncoupled blasting,the quasi static pressure drop of hydraulic blasting is slow,and the pressure holding time is longer.The research results reveal that the energy utilization rate in the slot-hydraulic blasting is high and the blasting load improvement 收稿日期：2019-10-06 基金项目：国家重点研发计划课题资助项目(2018YFC0808401):国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974042)缝槽水压爆破破岩载荷实验研究 夏彬伟1,2)，高玉刚1,2)，刘承伟1,2) 苣，欧昌楠1,2)，彭子烨1,2)，刘    浪1,2) 1) 重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室，重庆 400030    2) 重庆大学复杂煤气层瓦斯抽采国家地方联合工程实验室，重庆 400030 苣通信作者，E-mail：liuchengwei12@126.com 摘    要    针对缝槽爆破中以空气作为不耦合介质，其冲击波和准静态压力较小、炸药能量利用率低、破岩能力弱的问题，提 出缝槽水压爆破方法. 利用水的微压缩性，以及传能效率高等特点，以水作为炮孔不耦合介质，提升缝槽爆破破岩载荷，开展 其爆破破岩载荷特征研究. 通过自主研发的缝槽爆破载荷测试实验系统，分别开展缝槽空气不耦合爆破和缝槽水压爆破实 验. 结果表明：水作为缝槽爆破不耦合介质，其冲击波压力峰值约是缝槽空气不耦合爆破的 35 倍，冲击波压力上升沿更平缓， 入射效率更高；其准静态压力峰值是缝槽空气不耦合爆破的 37～46 倍，水压爆破的准静态压力压降缓慢，保压时间更长. 研 究表明，缝槽水压爆破的炸药能量利用率高，爆炸载荷提升明显. 上述研究成果有助于深入认识缝槽水压爆破破岩载荷特 性，同时对该方法的工程应用提供理论和实验支撑. 关键词    缝槽；水压爆破；破岩载荷；冲击波；准静态压力 分类号    TU 443 Experimental study on rock-breaking load in slot-hydraulic blasting XIA Bin-wei1,2) ，GAO Yu-gang1,2) ，LIU Cheng-wei1,2) 苣 ，OU Chang-nan1,2) ，PENG Zi-ye1,2) ，LIU Lang1,2) 1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China 2) National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Gas Drainage in Complex Coal Seam, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: liuchengwei12@126.com ABSTRACT    Slot blasting is widely used in mining and tunnel construction, municipal demolition, water conservation, hydropower, and  other  related  projects  due  to  its  low  cost  and  high  efficiency.  In  the  slot-blasting  technique,  it  is  necessary  to  break  the  rock efficiently and minimize the damage to the area surrounding the rock. Therefore, improving the blasting efficiency and explosive energy utilization rate as well as reducing the blasting vibration and excessive crushing of rocks are of great significance to the development of blasting engineering. When air spaced uncoupling medium is used in slot blasting, its rock-breaking efficiency is significantly low due to various factors such as generation of shock waves, low quasi-static pressure, low energy utilization rate of explosive, and weak rock￾breaking ability. To improve the rock-breaking load of slot blasting, the slot-hydraulic blasting method was proposed. In this method, water is utilized as the uncoupling medium for slot blasting as water has better microcompressibility and high energy transfer efficiency; in addition, research on its characteristics under rock-breaking load was investigated. Slot blasting with air spaced uncoupling charge and slot-hydraulic blasting tests were carried out under the independently developed slot blast load test system. The test results show that the shockwave pressure of slot-hydraulic blasting tests is approximately 35 times that of the air uncoupling blasting method because of the generation of high-pressure shockwaves and the higher incident efficiency. The hydraulic blasting quasi-static pressure is 37–46 times that of the air spaced uncoupled blasting, the quasi static pressure drop of hydraulic blasting is slow, and the pressure holding time is longer. The research results reveal that the energy utilization rate in the slot-hydraulic blasting is high and the blasting load improvement 收稿日期: 2019−10−06 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题资助项目（2018YFC0808401）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51974042） 工程科学学报，第 42 卷，第 9 期：1130−1138，2020 年 9 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 9: 1130−1138, September 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.10.06.002; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn