Fermentation Pilot plant Yujiro Harada, Kuniaki Sakata, Seiji sato and Shinsaku Takayama PROLOGUE (by Yujiro Harada The rapid development of biotechnology has impacted diverse sectors of the economy over the last several years. The industries most affected are the agricultural, fine chemical, food processing, marine, and pharmaceuti cal. In order for current biotechnology research to continue revolutionize industries, new processes must be developed to transform current research into viable market products. Specifically, attention must be directed toward the industrial processes of cultivation of cells, tissues, and microorganisms Although several such processes already exist(e. g, r-DNA and cell fusion), more are needed and it is not even obvious which of the existing processes best To develop the most cost efficient process, sc data must be collected by repeating experiments at the bench and pilot scale level. These data must beextensive. Unfortunately, the collection is far more difficult than it would be in the chemical and petrochemical industries. The nature of working with living material makes contamination commonplace and repro- ducibility of data difficult to achieve. Such problems quickly distort the relevant scale-up factors In this chapter, three research scientists from Kyowa Kogyo Co have addressed the problems of experimentation and pilot scale-up1 Fermentation Pilot Plant Yujiro Harada, Kuniaki Sakata, Seiji Sato and Shinsaku Takayama PROLOGUE (by Yujiro Harada) The rapid development of biotechnology has impacted diverse sectors of the economy over the last several years. The industries most affected are the agricultural, fine chemical, food processing, marine, and pharmaceuti￾cal. In order for current biotechnology research to continue revolutionizing industries, new processes must be developed to transform current research into viable market products. Specifically, attention must be directed toward the industrial processes of cultivation of cells, tissues, and microorganisms. Although several such processes already exist (e.g., r-DNA and cell fusion), more are needed and it is not even obvious which of the existing processes is best. To develop the most cost efficient process, scale-up data must be collected by repeating experiments at the bench and pilot scale level. These datamust be extensive. Unfortunately, the collection is far more difficult than it would be in the chemical and petrochemical industries. The nature of working with living material makes contamination cobonplace and repro￾ducibility of data difficult to achieve. Such problems quickly distort the relevant scale-up factors. In this chapter, three research scientists from Kyowa Kogyo Co. Ltd. have addressed the problems of experimentation and pilot scale-up for I