Time Scale Spatial Scale Threshold value several da Biochemical Reactions neurological and endocrine symptoms, chemo, enzymatic and metabolic activity, MFO induction. photo- and geotaxis, orientation, motility synthesis of amino acids and steroid hormones utation of dNA Physiological Reactions cal Reactions oxygen depletion, osmotic and ionic changes of tissues food up tumor formations excretion, photosynthesis, nitrification deformations days Modifications of Life Cycle embryogenesis, reproduction, growth rate montns Changes at the Community Level eduction of abundance, changes in age structure and genetic resoures 10° years- 1010 decades change in structure and dynamics of communities and ecosystems Average stress response times of biotic systems as related to size and structural complexity(after Korte, 1987, p. 161, modified)Average stress response times of biotic systems as related to size and structural complexity (after Korte, 1987, p. 161, modified)