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Self-Strengthening movement (1860s-1895) The term tyu-chiang/iqiang, self-strengthening (in Feng,'s 1860 writing),and"Chinese learning/value for the base/framework, Western studies for use/practical application?(1890's slogan by a ater generation, Zhang Zhidong) a Arsenals, foreign weapons, and foreign language institutes Teng, pp.51-54,73-77 To translate"Western learning,"( Chinese literati collaborated with Protestant Missionaries)-Western sciences, new technologies and also philosophy and thoughts on political institutions Ding richang's proposal for civil examinations -associated with Western knowledgeSelf-Strengthening Movement Strengthening Movement (1860s-1895) „ The term The term tzu-chiang/ziqiang chiang/ziqiang, self-strengthening strengthening (in Feng’s 1860 writing), and writing), and “Chinese learning/value for the base/framework, Chinese learning/value for the base/framework, Western studies for use/practical application Western studies for use/practical application” (1890’s slogan by a s slogan by a later generation, Zhang later generation, Zhang Zhidong Zhidong) „ Arsenals, foreign weapons, and foreign language institutes [ Arsenals, foreign weapons, and foreign language institutes [Teng, pp. 51-54, 73-77] „ To translate To translate “Western learning Western learning” (Chinese literati collaborated with (Chinese literati collaborated with Protestant Missionaries) Protestant Missionaries) – Western sciences, new technologies, Western sciences, new technologies, and also philosophy and thoughts on political institutions. and also philosophy and thoughts on political institutions. „ Ding Richang Richang’s proposal for civil examinations proposal for civil examinations – associated with associated with Western knowledge. Western knowledge
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