工程科学学报，第40卷，第4期：438-445,2018年4月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.40,No.4:438-445,April 2018 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.04.006:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 赤泥一煤矸石基公路路面基层材料的耐久与环境性能 刘晓明D,唐彬文”，尹海峰”，Emile Mukiza) 1)北京科技大学治金与生态工程学院，北京1000832)北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:iuxm@usth.cdu.cn 摘要以拜耳法赤泥、煤矸石和粉煤灰等工业固废为基本原料在实验室制备了一种公路路面基层材料，并研究了其力学性 能、耐久性能和环境性能.通过开展干湿循环以及冻融循环试验研究了该公路路面基层材料的耐久性能，并利用CP浸出试 验和放射性检测研究其环境性能.结果表明，赤泥一煤矸石基路面基层材料赤泥和煤矸石摻量之和75%、固废总摻量97%时， 7d养护后无侧限抗压强度达到6MPa以上；经过20个千湿循环后，矿渣掺量为5%的路面基层试块强度为5.98MPa,满足国 家标准：经过5个冻融循环后，路面基层材料的7d抗压强度仍然达到6.89MP,具有良好的耐久性能.浸出试验结果显示，浸 出液中Na'浓度均符合国家饮用水标准，同时浸出液中Z、Hg、Cu、P%、N等重金属均未检测出：放射性试验结果表明，试验所 用纯赤泥的放射性符合相应的国家标准.通过对该路面基层材料进行固碱分析以及能谱分析发现，硅铝体系能有效固结钠离 子.此公路路面基层材料具有良好的环境效益和社会效益，拓宽了路面基层材料的选材范围 关键词拜耳法赤泥：煤矸石：路面基层材料；耐久性能：环境性能 分类号TF09 Durability and environmental performance of Bayer red mud-coal gangue-based road base material LIU Xiao-ming,TANG Bin-wen,YIN Hai-feng,Emile Mukiza? 1)School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering.University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)School of Energy and Environment,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:liuxm@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Red mud is the solid waste residue of bauxite ore digestion with caustic soda for alumina (Al,O,)production.China is currently the biggest producer of alumina worldwide.However,the comprehensive utilization rate of red mud is very low.Moreover, coal gangue is also a complex industrial solid waste,which is one of the largest in China.In this study,red mud,coal gangue,fly ash, and other industrial solid wastes were used to prepare a road base material in a laboratory to solve the environmental issues caused by these solid wastes.The mechanical and environmental properties and durability of Bayer red mud-coal gangue-based road base materials were investigated.Accordingly,20 drying and wetting cycles and five freezing and thawing cycles were used to study the durability of the road base material.An inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer was adopted to analyze the leaching properties of the road base material,while scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate its element distribution.The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of the road base material,which cures for 7 days,is over 6MPa and meets the strength requirement of the Chinese national standard when 75%red mud-coal gangue and 97%total solid wastes are added to the road base material.The strength of the road base material reaches 5.98 MPa after 20 drying and wetting cycles,thereby meeting the Chinese national standard.The strength still reaches 6.89 MPa after five freezing and thawing cycles.The leaching results indicate that the Na'content in leachate is much lower than that required by the Chinese national standard for drinking water quality. 收稿日期：201801-11 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51574024)：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-BR-16026A)工程科学学报，第 40 卷，第 4 期: 438--445，2018 年 4 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 40，No． 4: 438--445，April 2018 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2018． 04． 006; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 赤泥--煤矸石基公路路面基层材料的耐久与环境性能 刘晓明1) ，唐彬文1) ，尹海峰1) ，Emile Mukiza2) 1) 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083 2) 北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院，北京 100083  通信作者，E-mail: liuxm@ ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 以拜耳法赤泥、煤矸石和粉煤灰等工业固废为基本原料在实验室制备了一种公路路面基层材料，并研究了其力学性 能、耐久性能和环境性能． 通过开展干湿循环以及冻融循环试验研究了该公路路面基层材料的耐久性能，并利用 ICP 浸出试 验和放射性检测研究其环境性能． 结果表明，赤泥--煤矸石基路面基层材料赤泥和煤矸石掺量之和 75% 、固废总掺量 97% 时， 7 d 养护后无侧限抗压强度达到 6 MPa 以上; 经过 20 个干湿循环后，矿渣掺量为 5% 的路面基层试块强度为 5. 98 MPa，满足国 家标准; 经过 5 个冻融循环后，路面基层材料的 7 d 抗压强度仍然达到 6. 89 MPa，具有良好的耐久性能． 浸出试验结果显示，浸 出液中 Na + 浓度均符合国家饮用水标准，同时浸出液中 Zn、Hg、Cu、Pb、Ni 等重金属均未检测出; 放射性试验结果表明，试验所 用纯赤泥的放射性符合相应的国家标准． 通过对该路面基层材料进行固碱分析以及能谱分析发现，硅铝体系能有效固结钠离 子． 此公路路面基层材料具有良好的环境效益和社会效益，拓宽了路面基层材料的选材范围． 关键词 拜耳法赤泥; 煤矸石; 路面基层材料; 耐久性能; 环境性能 分类号 TF09 收稿日期: 2018--01--11 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目( 51574024) ; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目( FＲF--BＲ--16--026A) Durability and environmental performance of Bayer red mud--coal gangue-based road base material LIU Xiao-ming1)  ，TANG Bin-wen1) ，YIN Hai-feng1) ，Emile Mukiza2) 1) School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China 2) School of Energy and Environment，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: liuxm@ ustb． edu． cn ABSTＲACT Ｒed mud is the solid waste residue of bauxite ore digestion with caustic soda for alumina ( Al2O3 ) production． China is currently the biggest producer of alumina worldwide． However，the comprehensive utilization rate of red mud is very low． Moreover， coal gangue is also a complex industrial solid waste，which is one of the largest in China． In this study，red mud，coal gangue，fly ash， and other industrial solid wastes were used to prepare a road base material in a laboratory to solve the environmental issues caused by these solid wastes． The mechanical and environmental properties and durability of Bayer red mud-coal gangue-based road base materials were investigated． Accordingly，20 drying and wetting cycles and five freezing and thawing cycles were used to study the durability of the road base material． An inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer was adopted to analyze the leaching properties of the road base material，while scanning electron microscopy--energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate its element distribution． The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of the road base material，which cures for 7 days，is over 6 MPa and meets the strength requirement of the Chinese national standard when 75% red mud--coal gangue and 97% total solid wastes are added to the road base material． The strength of the road base material reaches 5. 98 MPa after 20 drying and wetting cycles，thereby meeting the Chinese national standard． The strength still reaches 6. 89 MPa after five freezing and thawing cycles． The leaching results indicate that the Na + content in leachate is much lower than that required by the Chinese national standard for drinking water quality．