MIL-HDBK-17-3F Volume 3.Foreword Table of Contents 6.3.2.2 Analysis of local failure in bolted joints... .51 6.3.2.3 Failure criteria.. 59 6.3.3 Design considerations....60 6.3.3.1 Geometry........ 60 6.3.3.2 Lay-up and stacking sequence............... 60 6.3.3.3 Fastener selection60 6.3.4 Fatigue...... 61 6.3.4.1 Influence of loading mode.62 6.3.4.2 Influence of joint geometry ..... 62 6.3.4.3 Influence of attachment details................................................................ 63 6.3.4.4 Influence of laminate lay-up....63 6.3.4.5 Influence of environment.... 3 6.3.4.6 Influence of specimen thickness.. 63 6.3.4.7 Residual strength............... 1163 6.8.5Test verification64 CHAPTER 7 DAMAGE RESISTANCE,DURABILITY,AND DAMAGE TOLERANCE. 1 7.1 OVERVIEW AND GENERAL GUIDELINES............1. ”S的 7.1.2 Composite-related issues. 7.1.3 General guidelines.2 7.1.4 Section organization.... 7.2 AIRCRAFT DAMAGE TOLERANCE.............. 4 4 7.2.1 Evolving military and civil aviation requirements..5 7.2.2 Methods of compliance to aviation regulations........... ....10 7.2.2.1 Compliance with static strength requirements (civil aviation)...........................11 7.2.2.2 Compliance with damage tolerance requirements(civil aviation) 12 7.2.2.3 Deterministic compliance method (civil aviation example).......... 15 7.2.2.4 Probabilistic or semi-probabilistic compliance methods(civil aviation)）... ...19 7.2.2.5 Comparison of deterministic and probabilistic methods.................................24 7.2.2.6 Full-scale tests for proof of structure(civil aviation)..... 25 7.3 TYPES,CHARACTERISTICS,AND SOURCES OF DAMAGE..............................................26 7.3.1 Damages characterized by stage of occurrence............. 27 7.3.1.1 Manufacturing................. 27 7.3.1.2 ....0.0.........0......0..................................0........................................0.0.0 7.3.2 Damages characterized by physical imperfection............... 28 7.3.3 Realistic impact energy threats to aircraft...............................30 74 INSPECTION FOR DAMAGE33 7.4.1 Aircraft inspection programs.... 33 7.4.2 Recommendations for damage inspection data development ................................... 34 7.4.2.1G0als.… ,35 7.4.2.2 Inspection techniques.........35 75 DAMAGE RESISTANCE36 7.5.1 Influencing factors.... 36 7.5.1.1 Summary of results from previous impact studies.......................................37 7.5.1.2 Through-penetration impacts.38 7.5.1.3 Material type and form effects.41 7.5.1.4 Depth0 f damage… 43 7.5.1.5 Laminate thickness effects. 43 7.5.1.6 Structural size effects.. 46 7.5.1.7 Sandwich structure..48 7.5.2 Design issues and guidelines........ ,50 7.5.2.1 Use of impact surveys for establishing critical damages....................... 50 7.5.2.2 Structural arrangement and design details........ .50MIL-HDBK-17-3F Volume 3, Foreword / Table of Contents x 6.3.2.2 Analysis of local failure in bolted joints............................................................ 51 6.3.2.3 Failure criteria .................................................................................................. 59 6.3.3 Design considerations ................................................................................................... 60 6.3.3.1 Geometry......................................................................................................... 60 6.3.3.2 Lay-up and stacking sequence........................................................................ 60 6.3.3.3 Fastener selection ........................................................................................... 60 6.3.4 Fatigue........................................................................................................................... 61 6.3.4.1 Influence of loading mode ............................................................................... 62 6.3.4.2 Influence of joint geometry .............................................................................. 62 6.3.4.3 Influence of attachment details........................................................................ 63 6.3.4.4 Influence of laminate lay-up............................................................................. 63 6.3.4.5 Influence of environment ................................................................................. 63 6.3.4.6 Influence of specimen thickness...................................................................... 63 6.3.4.7 Residual strength............................................................................................. 63 6.3.5 Test verification .............................................................................................................. 64 CHAPTER 7 DAMAGE RESISTANCE, DURABILITY, AND DAMAGE TOLERANCE....................... 1 7.1 OVERVIEW AND GENERAL GUIDELINES .............................................................................. 1 7.1.1 Principles ......................................................................................................................... 1 7.1.2 Composite-related issues ................................................................................................ 1 7.1.3 General guidelines........................................................................................................... 2 7.1.4 Section organization ........................................................................................................ 4 7.2 AIRCRAFT DAMAGE TOLERANCE.......................................................................................... 4 7.2.1 Evolving military and civil aviation requirements ............................................................. 5 7.2.2 Methods of compliance to aviation regulations.............................................................. 10 7.2.2.1 Compliance with static strength requirements (civil aviation)...........................11 7.2.2.2 Compliance with damage tolerance requirements (civil aviation) ................... 12 7.2.2.3 Deterministic compliance method (civil aviation example).............................. 15 7.2.2.4 Probabilistic or semi-probabilistic compliance methods (civil aviation) ........................................................................................................... 19 7.2.2.5 Comparison of deterministic and probabilistic methods .................................. 24 7.2.2.6 Full-scale tests for proof of structure (civil aviation) ........................................ 25 7.3 TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND SOURCES OF DAMAGE .............................................. 26 7.3.1 Damages characterized by stage of occurrence ........................................................... 27 7.3.1.1 Manufacturing .................................................................................................. 27 7.3.1.2 Service............................................................................................................. 27 7.3.2 Damages characterized by physical imperfection ......................................................... 28 7.3.3 Realistic impact energy threats to aircraft...................................................................... 30 7.4 INSPECTION FOR DAMAGE.................................................................................................. 33 7.4.1 Aircraft inspection programs.......................................................................................... 33 7.4.2 Recommendations for damage inspection data development ...................................... 34 7.4.2.1 Goals ............................................................................................................... 35 7.4.2.2 Inspection techniques...................................................................................... 35 7.5 DAMAGE RESISTANCE.......................................................................................................... 36 7.5.1 Influencing factors.......................................................................................................... 36 7.5.1.1 Summary of results from previous impact studies........................................... 37 7.5.1.2 Through-penetration impacts........................................................................... 38 7.5.1.3 Material type and form effects ......................................................................... 41 7.5.1.4 Depth of damage ............................................................................................. 43 7.5.1.5 Laminate thickness effects .............................................................................. 43 7.5.1.6 Structural size effects....................................................................................... 46 7.5.1.7 Sandwich structure .......................................................................................... 48 7.5.2 Design issues and guidelines ........................................................................................ 50 7.5.2.1 Use of impact surveys for establishing critical damages................................. 50 7.5.2.2 Structural arrangement and design details...................................................... 50