130 J. Wei, L C Liu and K.S. Koong victim or business because the fraudulent electronic transactions can be repeatedly processed within a short period of time. Given the types as well as amount of damages online perpetrators can cause to m-commerce,a major need and challenge for online commerce, at this time, is the development of new models and information systems that can secure resources from unauthorised access and prevent fraud(Olden, 2002). In particular, wireless systems that can secure networks and transmit reliable transactions in m-commerce have been identified as an area of priority by security software developers( olla and Patel, 2003) Like all business practices, there is always a need for holistic models and evaluation approaches for assessing system effectiveness. Several researchers have examined the issue of computer security and m-commerce and proposed some noteworthy models and issues that are centered on security mechanisms and performance, environmental mplementation issues, application requirements, and assessment of business key components. Some of these earlier studies and their contributions include Jansen and Karygiannis (1999) and their development of a mobile agent security system that can be used in mobile agent-based commerce applications such as contract negotiations, service brokering, auctions, and stock trading. Security requirements such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability are applied to this agent framework Andreou et al.(2002)and their study on the performance of various mobile systems can confirm that mobile systems with lower security do allow their perpetrators to imply attack. For example, the radio wireless interface is one such device that is vulnerable to attacks. This is one good reason why wireless access should al ways include encryption, authentication, and other security mechanisms. The downside of his is the increase in complexity and delay in m-commerce transmissions Vinaja(2002)and his three-dimensional framework can be used to identify security requirements for a specific mobile environment. The three dimensions include mobile users, mobile hardware, and mobile software. This framework is a useful beginning step to determine the specific implementation characteristics and needed security measures Olla and Patel(2003)and their design of a context-aware mobile system which supports users with location-specific information servers and applications. The system uses the non-intrusive Push concept to deliver information to mobile users using cell-broadcast technology Siau and Shen(2003 )and their thoughtful discussions of the challenges of mobile communications and mobile services their contribution is inherent in the mplications that were drawn from progress-to-date in technology as well as Yuan and Shang(2003)and the development of a framework to analyse m-commerce business models. Based on key business components, their taxonomy can be a useful model for businesses which need a systems approach to assess their operations.130 J. Wei, L.C. Liu and K.S. Koong victim or business because the fraudulent electronic transactions can be repeatedly processed within a short period of time. Given the types as well as amount of damages online perpetrators can cause to m-commerce, a major need and challenge for online commerce, at this time, is the development of new models and information systems that can secure resources from unauthorised access and prevent fraud (Olden, 2002). In particular, wireless systems that can secure networks and transmit reliable transactions in m-commerce have been identified as an area of priority by security software developers (Olla and Patel, 2003). Like all business practices, there is always a need for holistic models and evaluation approaches for assessing system effectiveness. Several researchers have examined the issue of computer security and m-commerce and proposed some noteworthy models and issues that are centered on security mechanisms and performance, environmental implementation issues, application requirements, and assessment of business key components. Some of these earlier studies and their contributions include: • Jansen and Karygiannis (1999) and their development of a mobile agent security system that can be used in mobile agent-based commerce applications such as contract negotiations, service brokering, auctions, and stock trading. Security requirements such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability are applied to this agent framework. • Andreou et al. (2002) and their study on the performance of various mobile systems can confirm that mobile systems with lower security do allow their perpetrators to simply attack. For example, the radio wireless interface is one such device that is vulnerable to attacks. This is one good reason why wireless access should always include encryption, authentication, and other security mechanisms. The downside of this is the increase in complexity and delay in m-commerce transmissions. • Vinaja (2002) and his three-dimensional framework can be used to identify security requirements for a specific mobile environment. The three dimensions include mobile users, mobile hardware, and mobile software. This framework is a useful beginning step to determine the specific implementation characteristics and needed security measures. • Olla and Patel (2003) and their design of a context-aware mobile system which supports users with location-specific information servers and applications. The system uses the non-intrusive Push concept to deliver information to mobile users using cell-broadcast technology. • Siau and Shen (2003) and their thoughtful discussions of the challenges of mobile communications and mobile services. Their contribution is inherent in the implications that were drawn from progress-to-date in technology as well as policy advancements. • Yuan and Shang (2003) and the development of a framework to analyse m-commerce business models. Based on key business components, their taxonomy can be a useful model for businesses which need a systems approach to assess their operations