CONTENTS Introduction XV Notation 1 Simple Stress and Strain 1 1.I Load 1 1.2 Direct or normal stress (a) 2 1.3 Direct strain (8) 2 1.4 Sign convention for direct stress and strain 2 1.5 Elastic materials-Hooke's law 3 1.6 Modulus of elasticity-Young's modulus 3 1.7 Tensile test 4 1.8 Ductile materials 8 1.9 Brittle materials 8 1.10 Poisson's ratio 9 1.11 Application of Poisson's ratio to a two-dimensional stress system 10 1.12 Shear stress 11 1.13 Shear strain 11 1.14 Modulus of rigidity 12 1.15 Double shear 12 1.16 Allowable working stress -factor of safety 12 1.17 Load factor 13 1.18 Temperature stresses 13 1.19 Stress concentrations-stress concentration factor 14 1.20 Toughness 14 1.21 Creep and fatigue 15 Examples 17 Problems 25 Bibliography 26 2 Compound Bars 27 Summary 27 2.1 Compound bars subjected to external load 28CONTENTS Introduction Notation xv XVii 1 Simple Stress and Strain 1.1 Load 1.2 Direct or normal stress (a) 1.3 Direct strain (E ) 1.4 Sign convention for direct stress and strain 1.5 Elastic materials - Hooke’s law 1.6 Modulus of elasticity - Young’s modulus 1.7 Tensile test 1.8 Ductile materials 1.9 Brittle materials 1.10 Poisson’s ratio 1.1 1 Application of Poisson’s ratio to a two-dimensional stress system 1.12 Shear stress 1.1 3 Shear strain 1.14 Modulus of rigidity 1,15 Double shear 1.16 Allowable working stress -factor of safety 1.17 Load factor 1.18 Temperature stresses 1.19 Stress concentrations -stress concentration factor 1.20 Toughness 1.21 Creep and fatigue Examples Problems Bibliography 2 Compound Bars Summary 2.1 Compound bars subjected to external load V 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 8 8 9 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 17 25 26 27 27 28