Communication Models Limitations of Models Can lead to oversimplifications ● "There is no denying that much of the work in designing communication models illustrates the oft-repeated charge that anything in human affairs which can be modeled is by definition too superficial to be given serious consideration.” ● Some,like Duhem's (1954),believe there is no value in models at all: We can guard against the risks of oversimplification by recognizing the fundamental distinction between simplification and oversimplification.By definition,and of necessity,models simplify.So do all comparisons.As Kaplan (1964)noted,"Science always simplifies;its aim is not to reproduce the reality in all its complexity,but only to formulate what is essential for understanding, prediction,or control.That a model is simpler than the subject-matter being inquired into is as much a virtue as a fault,and is,in any case,inevitable.Communication Models – Limitations of Models  Can lead to oversimplifications.  “There is no denying that much of the work in designing communication models illustrates the oft-repeated charge that anything in human affairs which can be modeled is by definition too superficial to be given serious consideration.”  Some, like Duhem’s (1954), believe there is no value in models at all:  We can guard against the risks of oversimplification by recognizing the fundamental distinction between simplification and oversimplification. By definition, and of necessity, models simplify. So do all comparisons. As Kaplan (1964) noted, “Science always simplifies; its aim is not to reproduce the reality in all its complexity, but only to formulate what is essential for understanding, prediction, or control. That a model is simpler than the subject-matter being inquired into is as much a virtue as a fault, and is, in any case, inevitable