The field of marine medicine has clearly advanced from its early stages of chemical exploration to a new era in which marine-derived drugs are here. Over the next decade,we will see sig nificant numbers of marine drugs being used in the treatment of cancer,other for intense pain and infectious diseases. There will be an expansion of these stud- ies to focus on many therapeutic areas of growing human need.After all,if we are to return to natural products as a source Figure 10.A clo for new drugs,where else might we go? up underwat r photo of the Indonesian sponge Acanthostrongylophora sp.This sponge tains complex molecules of the manzamine cass (manzamine A shown)The manzamines.which ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I apologize to the many contributors to this field whose workI simply did not have space to describe.I am particularly grateful for the photos provided by sev- 122:12903-12.90 of the national eral colleagues (sce the figures for phote I.Handels .BMy of se c ce 83: .W.LeChemi- credit),which allowed me to adequately Zeiku illustrate their excellent work. Lc31.981-1.984 sts Discri r natu REFERENCES Andersen,RL,and M.Roberge.2005.HTI-286,A Rao.K.V.N. nah s Wah ,DG.L Kingsto nd D.I.N n,eds. 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Knap, M.W. Lomas, K. Nealson, O. White, J. Pe￾terson, J. Hoffman, R. Parsons, H. Baden-Tillson, C. Pfannkoch, Y.H. Rogers, and H.O. Smith. 2004. Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Science 304:66–74. Wratten, S.J., and D.J. Faulkner. 1977. Carbonimidic dichlorides from the marine sponge Pseudaxinyssa pitys. Journal of the American Chemical Society 99:7,367–7,368. Figure 10. A close-up underwater photo of the Indonesian sponge Acanthostrongylophora sp. Th is sponge contains complex molecules of the manzamine class (manzamine A shown). Th e manzamines, which show potent activity against human parasites, are thought to be produced by a bacterium found within the sponge. Photo courtesy M. Hamann, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi